The story of Austria
People have lived in the Austrian Alps and Danube valley for tens of thousands of years; the famous Venus of Willendorf figurine was carved here some 30,000 years ago, and the salt mines of Hallstatt gave their name to a whole Iron Age culture. Celtic tribes later formed the kingdom of Noricum, which the Romans absorbed, building frontier forts along the Danube such as Carnuntum and Vindobona, the camp that grew into Vienna.
After centuries of migrations, the region became a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, first recorded as 'Ostarrichi' in 996. In 1273 Rudolf of Habsburg was elected king, and his dynasty would rule from Vienna for more than six hundred years. Through clever marriages, wars and diplomacy the Habsburgs assembled a vast multinational realm stretching across central Europe. Vienna twice withstood Ottoman sieges, in 1529 and 1683, and afterwards blossomed into a baroque capital of palaces, churches and court music that nurtured Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert.
Read the full history
In 1867 the empire was restructured as the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, and fin-de-siècle Vienna became a hothouse of art, architecture, psychology and coffee-house debate. Defeat in the First World War broke up the empire in 1918, leaving a small German-speaking republic. Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938, and after 1945 it was occupied by the four Allied powers until the State Treaty of 1955 restored full independence and committed the country to permanent neutrality. Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and adopted the euro shortly after.
Today Austria is a prosperous federal republic of nine states, famous for its alpine scenery, music and high quality of life. Visitors can explore imperial palaces in Vienna, Mozart's birthplace in Salzburg, medieval abbeys along the Wachau valley and lakeside villages in the Salzkammergut, then head into the mountains for skiing in winter or hut-to-hut hiking in summer, all linked by one of Europe's best rail networks.
Timeline
- c. 28,000 BCThe Venus of Willendorf is carved in the Danube valley
- 15 BCRomans take over the Celtic kingdom of Noricum
- 996The name 'Ostarrichi' first appears in a document
- 1273Rudolf of Habsburg is elected king, beginning Habsburg rule
- 1683The Ottoman siege of Vienna is lifted
- 1867The Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy is created
- 1955The State Treaty restores full independence and neutrality
- 1995Austria joins the European Union
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Schengen Area – Part of the Schengen Area – 29 European countries with no passport checks between them. Short visits are usually counted under the 90-days-in-any-180 rule across the whole area.
- European Union – EU member – EU/EEA citizens can travel and stay freely.
- Eurozone – Uses the euro.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Schengen Area (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Austria appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Austria
- Tour Schönbrunn PalaceWander the Habsburgs' summer palace and climb through its formal gardens to the Gloriette for a view over Vienna.
- Linger in a Viennese coffee houseOrder a melange and a slice of cake, then read the papers for hours in a marble-tabled café where nobody rushes you.
- Hear a concert in ViennaCatch an orchestra, opera or choir performance in the city that gave the world the waltz and the symphony.
- Cycle the Wachau valleyPedal along the Danube past terraced vineyards, apricot orchards and the golden abbey of Melk.
- Photograph HallstattArrive early to see the pastel village mirrored in its lake before the day-trippers arrive.
- Ski or snowboard in TyrolCarve groomed slopes in resorts like St Anton or Kitzbühel, then warm up with hearty après-ski food.
- Hike hut to hut in the AlpsWalk between staffed mountain huts serving dumplings and strudel above flower-filled summer meadows.
- Drive the Grossglockner High Alpine RoadWind up hairpin bends to glacier views beneath Austria's highest peak.
- Explore Salzburg's old townStroll baroque squares and narrow lanes beneath the hilltop fortress where Mozart grew up.
- Sip new wine at a HeurigerJoin locals at a rustic vineyard tavern on Vienna's edge for young white wine and cold cuts.
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Where to go in Austria
- ViennaCapital · imperial cityGrand palaces, world-class museums, opera and coffee-house culture make the capital a must. Its public transport and parks make it easy to enjoy.
- SalzburgWestern Austria · baroque & musicMozart's birthplace is a compact baroque gem crowned by Hohensalzburg Fortress, with the Alps right on the horizon.
- HallstattSalzkammergut · lakeside villageA postcard village wedged between mountain and lake, with ancient salt mines above it.
- InnsbruckTyrol · alpine cityA lively university town where cable cars rise straight from the centre to high mountain trails and ski runs.
- Wachau ValleyLower Austria · Danube & wineA UNESCO-listed stretch of river lined with vineyards, castles and Melk Abbey, perfect for cycling and wine tasting.
- 📍Hohe Tauern National ParkCentral Alps · glaciers & peaksAustria's largest national park surrounds the Grossglockner, with glaciers, waterfalls and marmots on high trails.
- 📍GrazStyria · old town & foodAustria's second city pairs a red-roofed old town with bold modern architecture and a strong food scene.
- Zell am SeeSalzburg state · lake & mountainsA lakeside resort offering swimming and boating in summer and nearby glacier skiing almost year-round.
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- Hear a classical concert in Vienna
- Ski or hike in Tyrol
- Visit a Christmas market
- Linger over cake in a traditional coffee house
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- Wiener schnitzel – breaded and fried veal cutlet
- Sachertorte – rich chocolate cake with apricot jam
- Apfelstrudel – apple strudel with cinnamon
- Käsespätzle – cheesy egg noodles with fried onions
There were no changes to the advisory level or risk indicators. Advisory summary was updated. Advisory summary Austria is generally a safe destination for travelers. Read our Travel Guidance for additional information on travel…
#Austria#Visas & Entry RulesBest time to visit Austria
Austria has a central European climate with warm summers and cold winters, and the eastern lowlands around Vienna are drier and sunnier than the Alps. Mountain weather changes quickly, with afternoon thunderstorms common in summer and reliable snow at altitude from December to April.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Vienna (approximate averages).
- January–FebruaryVienna Ball SeasonHundreds of formal balls fill the capital's palaces and halls with waltzing guests in evening dress.
- July–AugustSalzburg FestivalOne of the world's leading classical music and drama festivals takes over Mozart's home town every summer.
- SeptemberAlmabtrieb (cattle drive)Cows decorated with flowers and bells are led down from alpine pastures, accompanied by village festivities.
- Late November–DecemberChristmas marketsSquares across the country fill with wooden stalls selling mulled wine, roasted chestnuts and handmade decorations.
- Early DecemberKrampus runsAlpine towns stage parades of horned, furry Krampus figures who accompany St Nicholas through the streets.
How many days in Austria?
Day 1-3: Vienna's Hofburg, Schönbrunn, museums, coffee houses and a concert or Heuriger evening. Day 4-5: take the train to Salzburg for the old town and fortress, with a half-day trip to Hallstatt or the lakes.
Day 1-3: Vienna. Day 4: cycle or cruise the Wachau valley via Melk. Day 5-6: Salzburg and the Salzkammergut lakes. Day 7-8: Grossglockner or Zell am See for mountain scenery. Day 9-10: finish in Innsbruck with a cable-car day in the Alps.
Backpacker budget: about $70–100 a day
- Trains are excellent; book early on the national rail network for discounted saver fares, and look at regional climate tickets if you are staying a while.
- Vienna has plenty of hostels near the main train stations, and Salzburg and Innsbruck also have good budget options.
- Eat cheaply at sausage stands, supermarket bakeries and lunchtime set menus (Mittagsmenü), which are good value on weekdays.
- Tap water is excellent – often straight from alpine springs – so refill a bottle everywhere.
- Many cities offer a guest card that includes free or discounted public transport and museum entry when you stay overnight.
Stay safe
- Austria is one of the safest countries in Europe, but watch for pickpockets in crowded tourist areas and on public transport in Vienna.
- Check weather forecasts before mountain hikes, carry layers and turn back if storms build in the afternoon.
- Off-piste skiing carries avalanche risk; stick to marked runs unless you go with a qualified guide.
- Ticks in forests and meadows can carry disease, so check yourself after hikes and consider vaccination if spending lots of time outdoors.
Money
- Austria uses the euro, and ATMs (Bankomat) are widespread.
- Cards are increasingly accepted, but some cafés, mountain huts and small shops still prefer cash.
- Round up or add around 5-10% in restaurants and tell the server the total you want to pay rather than leaving cash on the table.
Emergency: 112 · 133 police · 144 ambulance · 122 fire
Vienna International Airport is the main gateway, with Salzburg and Innsbruck airports serving the Alps; fast trains link Austria with Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Czechia and Hungary.
✈️ Cheap flights to Austria: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Vienna is one of the few capitals with commercial vineyards inside its city limits.
- Austria's national anthem is one of the few that has been officially revised to include women.
- The Vienna Zoo at Schönbrunn, founded in 1752, is the world's oldest zoo still operating.
- The world's oldest known salt mine has operated at Hallstatt for around 7,000 years.
- More than half of Austria's land area is covered by the Alps.
Austria travel questions
Is Austria safe for tourists?
Yes, Austria is very safe, with low crime and reliable services. The main risks are pickpockets in busy areas and natural hazards in the mountains, so check weather and avalanche information.
What is the best time to visit Austria?
May to September suits city breaks, lakes and hiking, while December to March is best for skiing and Christmas markets. April and October are quieter shoulder months.
How many days do you need in Austria?
Five days covers Vienna and Salzburg comfortably. With ten days you can add the Danube valley, the lakes and the Tyrolean Alps.
Do I need a visa for Austria?
Austria is in the Schengen Area, and whether you need a visa depends on your passport. Check the official Austrian government site or embassy before you travel.
Do people speak English in Austria?
German is the official language, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas and by younger people. Trains and buses make getting around easy without a car.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Austria's trains are fast, punctual and scenic, and buses reach mountain villages. Cities have excellent trams and metros.
- St Stephen's Cathedral – Vienna's Gothic cathedral with a colourful tiled roof
- Melk Abbey – Huge baroque Benedictine abbey above the Danube
- Mariazell Basilica – Austria's most important pilgrimage church
- Greet with 'Grüß Gott' or 'Guten Tag'
- Be on time – punctuality matters
- Keep noise down on Sundays, a quiet day
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