The story of Djibouti
Djibouti sits at the meeting point of Africa and Arabia, where the Red Sea narrows into the Bab-el-Mandeb strait. Its harsh volcanic landscapes have long been home to two main peoples: the Afar in the north and west, and the Somali Issa in the south. Prehistoric rock art shows that herders and their cattle roamed here thousands of years ago, and some historians believe the coast may have formed part of the fabled Land of Punt that traded incense and gold with ancient Egypt.
Islam arrived early from across the Red Sea, and in medieval times the region was linked to Muslim sultanates such as Adal, whose ports traded with Arabia, Persia and India. Camel caravans carried salt from the shores of Lake Assal deep into the Ethiopian highlands, a trade that continues on a small scale today.
Read the full history
France acquired the anchorage of Obock in 1862 and later built Djibouti City as the capital of French Somaliland. The railway to Addis Ababa, completed in 1917, made the port Ethiopia's key gateway to the sea. Renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967, the colony became the independent Republic of Djibouti on 27 June 1977. A period of internal conflict in the 1990s was ended by peace agreements, and since then the country has built its economy around its deep-water ports, a new electric railway to Ethiopia and its strategic location on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.
For travellers, Djibouti is a small country of extraordinary landscapes: salt lakes far below sea level, steaming limestone chimneys, lava fields and coral reefs where whale sharks gather. French, Arabic, Somali and Afar are all heard on the streets of the capital, and visitors can experience nomadic culture, Red Sea seafood and a strong tradition of hospitality.
Timeline
- Ancient timesCoast possibly part of the trading Land of Punt
- 7th century onwardIslam spreads across the region
- 1862France acquires Obock
- 1888Djibouti City founded
- 1917Railway to Addis Ababa completed
- 1967Renamed French Territory of the Afars and the Issas
- 1977Independence on 27 June
- 2018New electric railway to Ethiopia begins commercial service
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Djibouti (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Djibouti appears below as soon as publishers report it.
🛰️ The agents haven't spotted fresh news about Djibouti in the last few days – here is the travel guide, plus the latest from nearby countries.
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Things to do in Djibouti
- Float in Lake AssalBob effortlessly in one of the saltiest lakes on Earth, framed by blinding white salt flats at Africa's lowest point.
- Watch sunrise at Lake AbbéSee steam rise from a forest of limestone chimneys as flamingos wade in the shallows at dawn.
- Swim with whale sharksSnorkel alongside gentle giant whale sharks in the Gulf of Tadjoura during the cooler months.
- Dive the Seven BrothersExplore remote islands near the Bab-el-Mandeb strait with vibrant reefs and big fish life.
- Picnic on Moucha IslandTake a boat to Moucha or Maskali for white sand, mangroves and snorkelling just off the capital.
- Wander old Djibouti CityStroll around Place Menelik, whitewashed colonial arcades and the bustling central market.
- Hike in the Day ForestWalk among junipers in the Goda Mountains and look out for the endemic Djibouti francolin.
- Stay in an Afar campSleep under the stars in a traditional hut camp and share sweet tea with nomadic hosts.
- Explore the GhoubbetGaze across the lava fields and volcanic cones around the Ghoubbet al-Kharab inlet and Devil's Island.
- Eat Red Sea fishTry fish baked Yemeni-style in a clay oven, served with flatbread, in the capital's busy eateries.
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Where to go in Djibouti
- Djibouti CityCapital · portA cosmopolitan port city mixing French colonial architecture, lively markets and Red Sea seafood.
- 📍Lake AssalCentral · salt lakeA turquoise crater lake surrounded by salt flats, lying well below sea level.
- 📍Lake AbbéSouthwest · geothermalAn otherworldly landscape of limestone chimneys and hot springs on the Ethiopian border.
- 📍Gulf of TadjouraCoast · marine lifeDeep, sheltered waters famed for seasonal whale sharks and good diving.
- TadjouraNorth coast · historic townOne of the country's oldest towns, with whitewashed houses and mosques set between mountains and sea.
- 📍Moucha & Maskali IslandsGulf of Tadjoura · islandsEasy-to-reach islands for beaches, mangroves and snorkelling.
- Day Forest National ParkGoda Mountains · natureA rare highland forest refuge with cooler air, hiking and endemic birdlife.
- 📍Ghoubbet al-KharabRift zone · volcanic landscapeA dramatic bay ringed by lava flows and rift scenery where tectonic plates are pulling apart.
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- Swim with whale sharks in the Gulf of Tadjoura
- Float on the salty water of Lake Assal
- Watch sunrise over Lake Abbe's chimneys
- Snorkel the reefs around Moucha Island
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#Sudan#Weather & Alerts- Skoudehkaris – spiced rice with lamb or goat
- Fah-fah – spicy goat and vegetable soup
- Lahoh – spongy fermented flatbread
- Poisson yéménite – fish baked in a clay oven
Best time to visit Djibouti
Djibouti is one of the hottest countries on Earth, with a desert climate and very little rain. The coast is humid, while the interior and lowland salt lakes are scorching, and the Goda Mountains offer the only noticeably cooler air.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Djibouti City (approximate averages).
- June (27th)Independence DayThe country's main national celebration, with parades, music and festivities across the capital.
- Varies (end of Ramadan)Eid al-FitrFamilies gather for prayers, feasts and visits as the fasting month of Ramadan comes to an end.
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Eid al-AdhaThe Festival of Sacrifice is marked with communal prayers and shared meals.
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Mawlid an-NabiThe Prophet's birthday is celebrated with religious gatherings and recitations.
How many days in Djibouti?
Day 1 explore Djibouti City and its markets. Day 2 drive to Lake Assal and the Ghoubbet, and Day 3-4 head to Lake Abbé for an overnight in a camp and the famous sunrise. Day 5 relax on Moucha Island or snorkel with whale sharks in season.
Day 1-2 Djibouti City and the islands, Day 3-4 Lake Assal and the Ghoubbet. Day 5-6 Lake Abbé, Day 7-8 the Day Forest and the coastal town of Tadjoura, and Day 9-10 diving or whale-shark trips in the Gulf of Tadjoura.
Backpacker budget: about $60–100 a day
- Djibouti is expensive for its region and has almost no hostels, so budget travellers often share costs on 4x4 tours to the lakes.
- Shared minibuses run within the capital and to some towns – they are by far the cheapest way to get around.
- Simple local restaurants serving rice, fish and flatbread are much cheaper than European-style places.
- Consider arriving or leaving on the electric railway from Ethiopia for a cheaper, scenic overland route.
- Carry large amounts of water and sun protection on any trip outside the capital – the heat is relentless.
Stay safe
- Avoid areas near the Eritrean border and check your government's latest advice on border regions.
- Never photograph military sites, ports or government buildings, as there are many foreign bases.
- Travel to remote lakes and deserts with an experienced driver and plenty of water and fuel.
- Dress modestly, especially outside the capital, out of respect for local Muslim customs.
Money
- The Djiboutian franc is the currency and is pegged to the US dollar; dollars and euros are sometimes accepted.
- ATMs are found in Djibouti City but are scarce elsewhere, so carry enough cash for trips outside the capital.
- Tipping isn't expected, but small tips for guides and drivers are appreciated.
Emergency: 17 police · 18 fire
Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport near the capital has flights from the Middle East, East Africa and Europe. Overland, the electric railway and road link Djibouti with Ethiopia; the border with Eritrea is closed.
✈️ Cheap flights to Djibouti: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Lake Assal is the lowest point in Africa, lying around 155 metres below sea level.
- Djibouti sits on the Afar Triangle, where three tectonic plates are slowly pulling apart.
- Whale sharks gather in the Gulf of Tadjoura during the cooler months, making it one of the best places to see them.
- Several foreign countries maintain military bases in Djibouti because of its strategic location.
- Both French and Arabic are official languages, while Somali and Afar are widely spoken day to day.
Djibouti travel questions
Is Djibouti safe for tourists?
Djibouti City and the main tourist sites are generally considered calm, but border areas, especially near Eritrea, should be avoided. Extreme heat is a real hazard. Always check your government's latest travel advice before you go.
When is the best time to visit Djibouti?
November to February is the most comfortable time and also whale shark season. Summer from June to September is extremely hot and best avoided.
How many days do you need in Djibouti?
Four to five days is enough to see the capital, Lake Assal and Lake Abbé. A week or more lets you add diving, the Day Forest and Tadjoura.
Do I need a visa for Djibouti?
It depends on your passport. Check the official Djibouti government site or your nearest embassy before you travel.
What languages are spoken in Djibouti?
French and Arabic are official, while Somali and Afar are the main everyday languages. Some English is spoken in tourism and business.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Most trips outside the capital are by 4x4 with a driver or guide. Taxis and minibuses work inside Djibouti City.
- Hamoudi Mosque – Historic white mosque in the centre of Djibouti City
- Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees
- Ask before photographing people
- Be respectful during Ramadan
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