The story of Venezuela
For thousands of years before Europeans arrived, Venezuela was home to many Indigenous peoples, from Carib and Arawak communities along the coast and rivers to the Timoto-Cuica farmers who terraced the Andean valleys around Mérida. Christopher Columbus reached the Paria Peninsula in 1498, and a year later explorers saw stilt houses on Lake Maracaibo that reminded them of Venice, giving the land its name: 'Little Venice'.
Spain gradually colonised the region, founding Caracas in 1567 and developing cacao plantations worked by enslaved Africans and Indigenous labour. By the late 18th century a creole elite was chafing under Spanish rule. Venezuela declared independence on 5 July 1811, and after years of war led by Caracas-born Simón Bolívar, the decisive Battle of Carabobo in 1821 secured freedom. The country first formed part of Gran Colombia before becoming a separate republic in 1830.
Read the full history
The 19th century was dominated by regional strongmen and civil wars, but the discovery of vast oil reserves in the early 20th century transformed the nation into one of Latin America's wealthiest. Democracy took root after 1958, and Venezuela was a founding member of OPEC in 1960. In recent decades the country has gone through deep political and economic upheaval, and millions of Venezuelans have emigrated, making it a destination that requires careful planning.
For those able to travel, Venezuela offers some of the most spectacular landscapes on the continent: the table-top mountains and thundering waterfalls of Canaima, the coral cays of Los Roques, the Andes around Mérida and the wildlife-rich plains of Los Llanos. Colonial towns such as Coro, Afro-Venezuelan drum festivals and a love of arepas and baseball reveal a lively, mixed cultural heritage shaped by Indigenous, African and European roots.
Timeline
- Pre-1498Diverse Indigenous peoples live along the coast, rivers and Andes
- 1498Columbus reaches the Paria Peninsula
- 1567Spanish found Caracas
- 1811Venezuela declares independence on 5 July
- 1821Battle of Carabobo secures independence
- 1830Venezuela leaves Gran Colombia and becomes a separate republic
- 1922Major oil gusher at Lake Maracaibo launches the oil era
- 1960Venezuela co-founds OPEC
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Venezuela (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Venezuela appears below as soon as publishers report it.
🛰️ The agents haven't spotted fresh news about Venezuela in the last few days – here is the travel guide, plus the latest from nearby countries.
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Things to do in Venezuela
- See Angel FallsTravel by boat and on foot through Canaima's jungle to stand beneath the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall.
- Trek Mount RoraimaHike for days to the surreal summit of an ancient table-top mountain, a landscape of black rocks and crystal pools.
- Island-hop Los RoquesSail between dazzling white-sand cays and snorkel in water so clear it looks unreal.
- Spot wildlife in Los LlanosLook for capybaras, caimans, anacondas and scarlet ibis on the vast plains.
- Ride the Mérida cable carGlide high into the Andes on the Mukumbarí cableway, among the highest and longest in the world.
- Watch Catatumbo lightningSpend a night near Lake Maracaibo, where silent lightning flickers across the sky on most nights of the year.
- Explore the Orinoco DeltaTravel by canoe through a maze of waterways and meet Warao communities living in stilt houses.
- Wander colonial CoroWalk cobbled streets of pastel adobe houses, then climb the nearby Médanos sand dunes.
- Hike El ÁvilaEscape Caracas on forest trails up the mountain that rises between the city and the Caribbean.
- Taste arepas and cachapasTry stuffed corn cakes and sweet corn pancakes with fresh white cheese from roadside stalls.
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Where to go in Venezuela
- Canaima National ParkGuayana Highlands · waterfallsA UNESCO site of tepuis, lagoons and Angel Falls, one of South America's great natural wonders.
- 📍Los RoquesCaribbean archipelago · beachesA protected coral archipelago with pristine beaches, snorkelling and fishing.
- MéridaAndes · mountainsA lively university city that is the gateway to Andean hikes, villages and paragliding.
- 📍Gran Sabana and RoraimaSoutheast · trekkingRolling savannah dotted with waterfalls, leading to the classic multi-day Roraima trek.
- 📍Los LlanosCentral plains · wildlifeVenezuela's cowboy country and one of the best places for wildlife safaris in South America.
- 📍CoroNorthwest · colonial townOne of the oldest colonial towns in the Americas, with UNESCO-listed architecture near rolling dunes.
- 📍Morrocoy National ParkNorth coast · islandsMangroves and small sandy cays just off the mainland, popular with Venezuelan beachgoers.
- 📍Isla de MargaritaCaribbean island · beachesThe country's biggest island, with long beaches, colonial forts and windsurfing at El Yaque.
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#Curacao#Visas & Entry Rules- Take a boat trip to the base of Angel Falls
- Trek to the top of Mount Roraima
- Snorkel in Los Roques
- Ride the Mukumbarí cable car in Mérida
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- Arepas – stuffed corn cakes
- Pabellón criollo – shredded beef, black beans, rice and plantain
- Cachapas – sweet corn pancakes with cheese
- Tequeños – fried cheese sticks
Best time to visit Venezuela
Venezuela is tropical, but altitude makes a big difference: the coast and plains are hot, while Mérida and the Andes are mild to cold. Most of the country has a dry season from December to April and a wet season for the rest of the year.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Caracas (approximate averages).
- February/MarchCarnivalParades, music and water fights fill towns nationwide, with El Callao's Caribbean-style carnival especially famous.
- May/June (Corpus Christi)Dancing Devils of YareMasked dancers in red costumes and devil masks dance through San Francisco de Yare in a UNESCO-recognised tradition.
- JuneFiesta de San JuanAfro-Venezuelan drumming and dancing honour Saint John along the central coast around 24 June.
- NovemberFeria de la ChinitaMaracaibo celebrates its patron Virgin with processions, gaita music and fairs.
- FebruaryFeria del SolMérida's big festival brings bullfights, concerts and parades to the Andean city.
How many days in Venezuela?
Days 1-3 fly to Canaima to see the lagoon and take a river trip to Angel Falls. Days 4-7 relax on the islands of Los Roques for snorkelling and beach time.
Days 1-4 cover Mérida, its cable car and Andean villages, then Days 5-7 are for a wildlife safari in Los Llanos. Days 8-11 explore Canaima and Angel Falls, and Days 12-14 end on the beaches of Los Roques or Morrocoy.
Backpacker budget: about $35–55 a day
- Independent travel is challenging; most visitors use reputable local operators who arrange transport, guides and accommodation.
- Posadas (small family-run guesthouses) are the typical budget option in Mérida, the Andes and coastal villages.
- Eat at local areperas and food stalls for cheap, filling meals.
- Long-distance buses connect major cities, but schedules vary and night travel is best avoided.
- Learn some Spanish, as English is not widely spoken outside tourist lodges.
Stay safe
- Many governments advise against all or non-essential travel to Venezuela; check your government's latest travel advice before planning a trip.
- Crime, including armed robbery and express kidnapping, is a serious risk, especially in Caracas and other cities; avoid travelling after dark.
- Border areas with Colombia carry particular risks, and shortages of fuel, medicine and services can occur, so carry essentials.
- Use only trusted, pre-arranged transport from the airport and within cities, and keep valuables out of sight.
Money
- US dollars in cash are widely used alongside the bolívar; bring small, clean notes.
- Foreign credit and debit cards may not work and ATMs are unreliable, so plan how you will pay before arrival.
- Tipping of around a tenth of the bill is appreciated in restaurants, and guides and drivers welcome tips.
Emergency: 911
Most international flights use Simón Bolívar International Airport at Maiquetía near Caracas, though route availability changes frequently. Land borders connect with Colombia and Brazil, but conditions and opening times vary, so check before travelling.
✈️ Cheap flights to Venezuela: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Angel Falls, at around 979 metres, is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall.
- The Catatumbo lightning over Lake Maracaibo produces lightning on most nights of the year.
- Venezuela is estimated to have the largest proven oil reserves in the world.
- The name Venezuela means 'Little Venice', inspired by stilt houses on Lake Maracaibo.
- Baseball, not football, is the most popular sport in Venezuela.
Venezuela travel questions
Is Venezuela safe for tourists?
Many governments currently advise against all or non-essential travel to Venezuela because of crime and instability. Check your government's latest travel advice and, if you do go, use reputable local operators.
What is the best time to visit Venezuela?
December to April is the dry season and best for beaches, the Andes and wildlife. Angel Falls is most impressive from June to November when water levels are high.
How many days do you need in Venezuela?
A week allows a trip to Canaima and Los Roques. Two weeks lets you add the Andes and Los Llanos.
Do I need a visa for Venezuela?
It depends on your passport – check the official government site or your nearest embassy before you travel, as requirements and consular services can change.
What language is spoken in Venezuela?
Spanish is the official language, and English is limited outside tourist lodges. Learning basic Spanish phrases makes travel much easier.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Domestic flights reach Canaima, Los Roques and Margarita; buses link the main cities. Many travelers use organised tours to reach remote parks.
- Basilica of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá – Maracaibo shrine of La Chinita, honoured in November festivals
- Basilica of Our Lady of the Valley – Margarita Island's most important pilgrimage church
- Greet with a handshake or cheek kiss
- Dress neatly in cities
- Ask before photographing people, especially in Indigenous communities
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