The story of Gabon
Gabon's rainforests have sheltered people for tens of thousands of years, and stone tools and rock engravings in the Lopé area testify to a long human presence. Forest peoples such as the Baka and Babongo were among the earliest inhabitants, followed over many centuries by Bantu-speaking farmers and ironworkers. Over time dozens of groups, including the Mpongwe, Punu, Myene and later the Fang, settled the coast and interior, developing rich traditions of mask carving, music and the Bwiti spiritual practice.
Portuguese sailors arrived at the Komo estuary in the 1470s and are said to have named it 'Gabão' after a hooded cloak whose shape they thought it resembled. For centuries the coast was a trading zone for ivory, timber and, tragically, enslaved people. France signed treaties with coastal chiefs from 1839, and in 1849 Libreville – 'free town' – was founded by people freed from a captured slave ship. Gabon became part of French Equatorial Africa, and in 1913 the doctor Albert Schweitzer opened his famous hospital at Lambaréné on the Ogooué River.
Read the full history
Gabon became independent on 17 August 1960. Discoveries of oil, manganese and uranium brought revenue and made it one of the more prosperous countries in central Africa, and political life was long dominated by a single family. In 2002 the government took a landmark step for conservation, creating a network of thirteen national parks covering around a tenth of the country's territory.
For travellers, Gabon is one of Africa's last great wilderness destinations. Rainforest still covers most of the land, and visitors can see forest elephants on the beach, gorillas and huge troops of mandrills, nesting leatherback turtles and humpback whales offshore. Lopé National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site for both nature and archaeology, and Libreville offers seafood, markets and a laid-back coastal atmosphere.
Timeline
- c. 1470sPortuguese sailors reach the Komo estuary
- 1839France signs its first treaty with a coastal chief
- 1849Libreville is founded by freed captives
- 1910Gabon becomes part of French Equatorial Africa
- 1913Albert Schweitzer opens his hospital at Lambaréné
- 1960Independence on 17 August
- 2002Thirteen national parks are created
- 2007Lopé becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Gabon (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Gabon appears below as soon as publishers report it.
The central African nation is a precious discovery for those who appreciate what it means to be wild.
#Gabon#Safari#Destinations
Things to do in Gabon
- Spot wildlife on Loango's beachesWatch forest elephants, buffalo and even hippos wander onto empty Atlantic beaches in one of Africa's most unusual parks.
- Track mandrills in LopéFollow researchers to find a supergroup of hundreds of brightly coloured mandrills moving through forest and savanna.
- Ride the Transgabonais railwayTake the train inland through endless rainforest from Libreville to Lopé.
- Watch whales and turtlesSee humpback whales offshore in the austral winter and leatherback turtles nesting on the beaches later in the year.
- Visit Schweitzer's hospitalExplore the museum at Lambaréné where the Nobel Peace Prize winner treated patients on the Ogooué River.
- Take a pirogue on the OgoouéGlide past lakes, fishing villages and forest on the country's great river.
- Relax at Pointe-DenisCross the estuary from Libreville to a sandy peninsula with beaches next to Pongara National Park.
- See Kongou FallsVenture into Ivindo National Park to witness one of central Africa's most spectacular waterfalls.
Where to go in Gabon
- LibrevilleKomo estuary · capitalA relaxed seaside capital with a lively seafront, markets and a museum of Gabonese masks and art.
- Loango National ParkSouthwest coast · wildlife & beachesLagoons, forests and beaches where elephants, hippos and whales can all appear in one trip.
- 📍Lopé National ParkCentral Gabon · UNESCO siteSavanna and rainforest with mandrills, gorillas and ancient rock engravings, reachable by train.
- Ivindo National ParkNortheast · rainforest & waterfallsRemote forest with powerful waterfalls and a forest clearing where elephants and gorillas gather.
- Pongara National ParkNear Libreville · mangroves & beachesMangroves and turtle-nesting beaches just across the estuary from the capital.
- LambarénéOgooué River · historyA river town known for the Albert Schweitzer Hospital and boat trips to nearby lakes.
- 📍Akanda National ParkNorth of Libreville · mangrovesMangrove channels and mudflats that host large numbers of migratory birds.
- 📍Port-GentilOgooué delta · coastal cityAn oil town on an island with beaches and access to the delta's waterways.
- See elephants on the beach at Loango
- Watch leatherback turtles nest at Pongara
- Look for mandrills in Lopé
- Take a pirogue trip on the Ogooué River
- Poulet nyembwe – chicken in palm nut sauce
- Bâton de manioc – fermented cassava sticks
- Atanga – boiled or roasted safou fruit
- Grilled fish – often served with chilli and plantains
Best time to visit Gabon
Gabon is hot and humid all year, with two dry and two wet seasons. The coast around Libreville is very wet overall, while the interior savannas around Lopé are a little drier.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Libreville (approximate averages).
- AugustIndependence DayOn 17 August Gabon celebrates independence with parades, music and festivities in Libreville and across the country.
- JuneFête de la MusiqueOn 21 June musicians play in streets and venues across Libreville in a free celebration of music.
- NovemberAll Saints' DayOn 1 November families gather to clean and decorate the graves of their loved ones.
How many days in Gabon?
Day 1-2: Libreville's seafront, markets and a boat to Pointe-Denis. Day 3-5: overnight train to Lopé National Park for mandrill tracking, savanna drives and rock-engraving sites, then return.
Day 1-2: Libreville and Akanda. Day 3-5: Lopé National Park. Day 6: Lambaréné and the Ogooué lakes. Day 7-10: fly or travel to Loango National Park for beach wildlife, lagoon boat trips and whale watching in season.
Backpacker budget: about $70–110 a day
- Gabon is expensive and has little budget infrastructure, so plan carefully and expect to use organised trips for national parks.
- The Transgabonais train is the most affordable and comfortable way to reach Lopé.
- Shared taxis and bush taxis connect towns, but roads can be slow, especially in the rainy season.
- Eat at local maquis and street stalls for grilled fish, chicken, plantains and cassava.
- Bring a French phrasebook – English is not widely spoken.
Stay safe
- Gabon is relatively stable, but check your government's latest travel advice before you go, and avoid political gatherings.
- Petty crime occurs in Libreville; avoid walking alone at night and keep valuables out of sight.
- Ocean currents along the Atlantic coast are strong – only swim where locals advise it is safe.
- Take medical advice on malaria and yellow fever, and carry proof of vaccination.
Money
- Gabon uses the Central African CFA franc, pegged to the euro.
- ATMs exist in Libreville and Port-Gentil, but carry cash for travel elsewhere; euros are the easiest currency to exchange.
- Cards are accepted mainly at upmarket hotels and restaurants; tipping guides and drivers is appreciated.
Emergency: 1730 police · 18 fire
Léon M'ba International Airport in Libreville is the main gateway, with flights from Europe and other African hubs; overland routes connect with Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo.
✈️ Cheap flights to Gabon: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Rainforest covers around 85% of Gabon.
- Natural nuclear fission reactions occurred at Oklo in Gabon about two billion years ago.
- Gabon holds the largest population of forest elephants in Africa.
- Hippos in Loango are sometimes seen swimming in the Atlantic surf.
- Lopé is home to some of the largest mandrill groups ever recorded, numbering in the hundreds.
Gabon travel questions
Is Gabon safe for tourists?
Gabon is generally one of the more stable countries in central Africa, but petty crime occurs and political situations can change. Check your government's latest travel advice and take usual city precautions.
What is the best time to visit Gabon?
June to August, the long dry season, is best for travel and whale watching. December to February is another drier window and the time to see nesting turtles.
How many days do you need in Gabon?
Five days allows Libreville and Lopé. Ten days or more is ideal to add Loango and the Ogooué River.
What language is spoken in Gabon?
French is the official language and is widely spoken, alongside local languages such as Fang. English is rarely spoken outside top hotels.
Is Gabon expensive to visit?
Yes, Gabon is one of Africa's more expensive destinations, especially for park visits and flights. Using the train and eating locally helps reduce costs.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Domestic flights and the Transgabonais railway link Libreville to the interior. Park trips are usually arranged with lodges or tour operators.
- Greet people before asking questions
- Ask before photographing people
- Dress neatly in towns
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