The story of Malta
Malta's story begins more than seven thousand years ago, when farmers crossed from Sicily to these small limestone islands. Their descendants built extraordinary megalithic temples such as Ġgantija on Gozo and Ħaġar Qim and Mnajdra on Malta, which are among the oldest free-standing stone structures on Earth. Beneath Paola, they carved the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum, an underground burial complex of chambers and painted ceilings.
Phoenicians used Malta as a trading base, followed by the Carthaginians and the Romans. According to tradition, St Paul was shipwrecked here in 60 AD and brought Christianity to the islands. After Byzantine rule, Arabs controlled Malta from 870, leaving a deep imprint on the Maltese language, which is Semitic in origin yet written in the Latin alphabet. Normans arrived in 1091, and Malta then passed through various European dynasties.
Read the full history
In 1530 the islands were granted to the Knights of St John, a military religious order. In 1565 they withstood the Great Siege by a vast Ottoman force, and afterwards built the fortified capital Valletta, filling it with baroque palaces and the lavish St John's Co-Cathedral, home to Caravaggio masterpieces. Napoleon expelled the Knights in 1798, but Maltese rebels with British help drove the French out, and Malta became a British colony and key naval base. During the Second World War it endured heavy bombing, and the island was awarded the George Cross for its bravery.
Malta gained independence in 1964, became a republic in 1974, and joined the European Union in 2004. For visitors, this tiny nation packs in an astonishing density of history: prehistoric temples, the fortress cities of Valletta and Mdina, the Three Cities across the Grand Harbour, and dramatic coastlines, all in a sunny Mediterranean setting with a distinctive language and culture.
Timeline
- c. 5900 BCFirst farmers arrive from Sicily
- c. 3600 BCĠgantija temples built on Gozo
- 60 ADSt Paul is shipwrecked on Malta, according to tradition
- 870Arab rule begins
- 1530Knights of St John take control of Malta
- 1565Great Siege of Malta
- 1964Malta gains independence
- 2004Malta joins the European Union
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Schengen Area – Part of the Schengen Area – 29 European countries with no passport checks between them. Short visits are usually counted under the 90-days-in-any-180 rule across the whole area.
- European Union – EU member – EU/EEA citizens can travel and stay freely.
- Eurozone – Uses the euro.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Schengen Area (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Malta appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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#Malta#Gozo#Inspiring & Scenic
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#Malta#United States#Visas & Entry RulesThings to do in Malta
- Explore VallettaWander the grid of honey-coloured streets in Europe's smallest capital, packed with baroque churches and palaces.
- See Caravaggio in St John'sAdmire the gilded interior of St John's Co-Cathedral and Caravaggio's dramatic Beheading of St John.
- Stroll silent MdinaWalk the quiet, walled streets of Malta's former capital, especially magical at night.
- Swim in the Blue LagoonFloat in startlingly turquoise water off the tiny island of Comino, ideally early or late in the day.
- Visit the megalithic templesStep back over five thousand years at Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra and Ġgantija.
- Descend into the HypogeumBook well ahead to visit the underground prehistoric burial complex, limited to small groups.
- Dive famous wrecks and cavesExplore clear waters, shipwrecks and underwater arches, among the best diving in the Mediterranean.
- Watch the Saluting BatteryHear the cannon fire at noon from Valletta's Upper Barrakka Gardens over the Grand Harbour.
- Ride a ferry to GozoExplore Gozo's rural villages, salt pans and the hilltop Citadel in Victoria.
- Eat pastizzi and rabbit stewSnack on flaky ricotta pastries and try stuffat tal-fenek, the national dish.
Discover a different kind of wellness in Malta, from ancient temples and coastal walks to sea swims, yoga, local food, and restorative stays in Gozo and beyond.
#Malta#Destinations
Where to go in Malta
- VallettaCapital · baroque cityA UNESCO-listed fortress capital overlooking the Grand Harbour.
- MdinaCentral Malta · walled cityThe atmospheric 'Silent City', a medieval walled town on a hilltop.
- 📍The Three CitiesGrand Harbour · historyBirgu, Senglea and Cospicua, the Knights' original base, with quiet streets and marinas.
- GozoSister island · rural & divingGreener and slower-paced, with the Citadel, temples and great diving sites.
- CominoIsland · lagoonsA tiny island famous for the Blue Lagoon and crystal-clear swimming.
- MarsaxlokkSouth · fishing villageA fishing harbour filled with colourful luzzu boats and a Sunday fish market.
- Blue GrottoSouth coast · sea cavesBoat trips into sea caves that glow with brilliant blue light in the morning.
- 📍Dingli CliffsWest coast · viewpointMalta's highest cliffs, perfect for sunset walks over the sea.
- Watch the noon gun at Valletta's Upper Barrakka Gardens
- Swim in the Blue Lagoon on Comino
- Dive among wrecks and reefs off Gozo
- Visit the Ġgantija megalithic temples
- Pastizzi – flaky pastries filled with ricotta or peas
- Stuffat tal-fenek – rabbit stewed in wine and tomato
- Ftira – Maltese bread filled with tuna, olives and tomato
- Lampuki pie – fish pie made with dorado in autumn
Best time to visit Malta
Malta enjoys a sunny Mediterranean climate with long, hot, dry summers and mild, damp winters. Conditions are similar across Malta, Gozo and Comino, though sea breezes make the coast more comfortable.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Valletta (approximate averages).
- FebruaryMaltese CarnivalColourful floats, costumes and dancing fill Valletta and Gozo's Nadur in the days before Lent.
- June–SeptemberVillage festasEach parish honours its patron saint with processions, brass bands, street decorations and fireworks.
- Early OctoberNotte BiancaValletta stays open all night with free exhibitions, concerts and performances.
- April–MayMalta International Fireworks FestivalSpectacular displays light up the Grand Harbour, a centuries-old local tradition.
- JulyMalta Jazz FestivalInternational jazz musicians perform by the harbour in Valletta.
How many days in Malta?
Day 1: Valletta, St John's Co-Cathedral and the Upper Barrakka Gardens. Day 2: Mdina, Rabat and the Dingli Cliffs. Day 3: the temples of Ħaġar Qim and Mnajdra, the Blue Grotto and Marsaxlokk. Day 4: a boat trip to Comino's Blue Lagoon.
Day 1-2: Valletta and the Three Cities. Day 3: Mdina and Rabat. Day 4: the south coast and temples. Day 5: Comino. Day 6-8: base yourself on Gozo for the Citadel, Ġgantija, salt pans and diving or coastal walks.
Backpacker budget: about $50–75 a day
- Public buses cover the whole of Malta and Gozo cheaply; a multi-journey card saves money if you are staying a while.
- Hostels cluster in St Julian's, Sliema and Valletta, and booking early is essential in summer.
- Pastizzi shops sell some of the cheapest snacks in Europe – perfect for a quick breakfast or lunch.
- The public ferry from Ċirkewwa to Gozo is inexpensive, and you pay only on the return journey from Gozo.
- Many top sights, such as the old cities, beaches and coastal walks, are free to explore.
Stay safe
- Malta is very safe; just watch your belongings in busy nightlife areas such as Paceville.
- Traffic drives on the left and roads can be congested, so take care crossing streets and driving.
- Take sun protection and water in summer, and check sea conditions before swimming off rocky shores.
- Respect dress codes in churches – cover shoulders and knees.
Money
- Malta uses the euro (EUR), and ATMs are widely available across Malta and Gozo.
- Cards are accepted in most places, though small cafés, kiosks and pastizzi shops may prefer cash.
- Tipping around 5-10% in restaurants is appreciated but not obligatory.
Emergency: 112 police, fire & ambulance
Malta International Airport at Luqa has direct flights from many European cities. High-speed ferries connect Valletta with Sicily, and the islands are a popular cruise stop.
✈️ Cheap flights to Malta: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Maltese is the only Semitic language that is an official language of the European Union.
- Malta's megalithic temples are older than Stonehenge and the pyramids of Giza.
- The entire island of Malta was awarded the George Cross for bravery in the Second World War.
- Valletta is one of the smallest capital cities in Europe.
- Malta has been a filming location for many movies and series thanks to its historic streets and fortresses.
Malta travel questions
Is Malta safe for tourists?
Yes, Malta is one of the safest destinations in Europe. Petty theft is rare but possible in nightlife areas and on crowded buses.
When is the best time to visit Malta?
April to June and September to October offer warm weather and pleasant seas with fewer crowds. July and August are very hot and busy.
How many days do you need in Malta?
Four days covers Valletta, Mdina and the Blue Lagoon. A week lets you explore Gozo and the temples at a relaxed pace.
Do I need a visa for Malta?
It depends on your passport – Malta is part of the Schengen Area, so check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
What language is spoken in Malta?
Maltese and English are both official languages, and almost everyone speaks English. Italian is also widely understood.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses cover the islands and ferries run to Gozo and Comino. Ferries also link Valletta with Sliema and the Three Cities.
- St John's Co-Cathedral – Baroque cathedral holding a famous painting by Caravaggio
- Ta' Pinu Basilica – National shrine on Gozo and an important pilgrimage site
- Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum – Underground prehistoric burial and ritual site
- Cover shoulders and knees in churches
- Don't wear swimwear away from the beach
- Summer village festas are important – join in respectfully
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