The story of Nauru
Nauru, a single raised coral island in the central Pacific, was settled roughly three thousand years ago by voyagers whose descendants formed twelve clans, remembered today in the twelve-pointed star on the national flag. Islanders lived from fishing, coconuts and pandanus, and raised milkfish in Buada Lagoon. Their isolation was nearly complete until 1798, when the British captain John Fearn sighted the island and, charmed by its welcome, named it 'Pleasant Island'.
During the nineteenth century, whalers and beachcombers introduced firearms and alcohol, and a long period of conflict between clans followed. Germany annexed Nauru in 1888 and restored order. Soon after, rich deposits of high-grade phosphate – formed over millennia – were identified, and large-scale mining began in 1906. After the First World War, Nauru was administered by Australia on behalf of Britain, Australia and New Zealand, and mining continued apace. Japan occupied the island during the Second World War, sending many Nauruans to Chuuk, and the population took years to recover.
Read the full history
Nauru became a UN trust territory after the war and gained independence on 31 January 1968, becoming the world's smallest republic. Phosphate wealth gave the nation one of the highest incomes per person in the world for a time, but as reserves dwindled the economy faced serious challenges, and the mined interior was left as a landscape of jagged limestone pinnacles. The country has since sought new sources of income and rehabilitation of its land.
For the rare visitor, Nauru offers an unusual insight into Pacific history and the impact of mining. A single road circles the island past white-sand beaches, wartime relics on Command Ridge and the green oasis of Buada Lagoon, while the eerie 'Topside' plateau reveals the legacy of phosphate. The island's small size and friendly people make it easy to explore in a day or two.
Timeline
- c. 1000 BCPacific voyagers settle the island
- 1798British captain John Fearn names it 'Pleasant Island'
- 1888Germany annexes Nauru
- 1906Large-scale phosphate mining begins
- 1920Australia begins administering Nauru under a League of Nations mandate
- 1942Japanese occupation begins
- 1968Independence on 31 January
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Nauru (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Nauru appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Nauru
- Drive the island loopCircle the whole country on its coastal road in well under an hour, stopping at beaches and villages.
- Swim at Anibare BayRelax on Nauru's most beautiful white-sand beach, framed by limestone pinnacles.
- Explore TopsideWalk among the strange coral-limestone pinnacles left behind by a century of phosphate mining.
- Climb Command RidgeVisit the island's highest point to see rusting Japanese wartime guns and a bunker.
- Visit Buada LagoonStroll around a peaceful inland lagoon fringed by palms and gardens.
- Watch a sunset from the reefSee the sky glow over the Pacific from the wide reef flats at low tide.
- Go deep-sea fishingHead offshore with local boats to fish for tuna and other big game in deep water close to the reef.
- See the phosphate cantileversLook at the massive industrial structures at Aiwo used to load ships with phosphate.
Where to go in Nauru
- 📍Anibare BayEast coast · beachThe island's best beach, with soft sand and dramatic coral formations.
- Buada LagoonInterior · lagoonA tranquil landlocked lagoon surrounded by greenery, a contrast to the mined plateau.
- 📍Command RidgeInterior · WWII siteNauru's highest point, with Second World War relics and wide views.
- 📍TopsideCentral plateau · mining landscapeA surreal landscape of limestone pinnacles that tells the island's phosphate story.
- 📍YarenSouth coast · government districtThe de facto seat of government, home to Parliament and the airport.
- 📍Moqua WellYaren · underground lakeAn underground freshwater lake in a limestone cave, once an important water source.
- Drive the 19 km ring road around the whole island
- Fish for tuna or marlin with local boats
- Explore WWII relics on Command Ridge
- Watch the sunset from Anibare Bay
- Coconut fish – fish cooked in rich coconut cream
- Grilled tuna – fresh from local fishing boats
- Coconut toddy – sweet drink from palm sap
- Fried rice – popular dish at local Chinese-run eateries
Best time to visit Nauru
Nauru has a hot, humid equatorial climate with little temperature change through the year. Rainfall varies widely from year to year, with long dry spells in some years and heavy rain in others.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Yaren (approximate averages).
- JanuaryIndependence DayOn 31 January the nation celebrates independence with sports, ceremonies and community events.
- MayConstitution DayOn 17 May Nauruans mark the adoption of their constitution with sporting competitions and gatherings.
- OctoberAngam DayOn 26 October Nauru celebrates the recovery of its population to a level seen as necessary for the nation's survival.
How many days in Nauru?
Day 1: drive the coastal loop, swim at Anibare Bay and watch sunset from the reef. Day 2: explore Topside, Command Ridge and Buada Lagoon, then visit Moqua Well near Yaren.
Day 1: arrive and settle in, with an evening walk on the reef. Day 2: Topside, Command Ridge and Buada Lagoon. Day 3: a fishing trip offshore. Day 4: beach time at Anibare Bay and a final loop of the island.
Backpacker budget: about $80–120 a day
- Accommodation is very limited – book in advance and expect few choices.
- There is no public transport; hire a car or scooter or arrange lifts through your accommodation.
- Cheap meals are available at small Chinese-run eateries and takeaways around the island.
- Bring essentials like medication and sunscreen, as shops have limited stock.
- Walking the island is possible but hot – start early and carry plenty of water.
Stay safe
- Nauru is generally safe, with low crime against visitors.
- Swim carefully – there are strong currents beyond the reef and limited lifeguard cover.
- Topside's pinnacles are sharp and unstable; wear sturdy shoes and take care.
- Medical facilities are basic, so travel insurance with evacuation cover is essential.
Money
- Nauru uses the Australian dollar.
- ATM access is very limited, so bring enough cash for your stay.
- Cards are accepted at only a few businesses; tipping is not expected.
Emergency: 110 police · 111 ambulance · 112 fire
Nauru International Airport near Yaren is served by flights from Brisbane and a few Pacific islands; there are no passenger ferries.
✈️ Cheap flights to Nauru: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Nauru is the world's smallest republic and one of the smallest countries by area.
- It has no official capital; government offices are in the district of Yaren.
- The twelve-pointed star on the flag represents the island's twelve original clans.
- Australian rules football is Nauru's most popular sport.
- The ring road around the whole island is only about 19 kilometres long.
Nauru travel questions
Is Nauru safe for tourists?
Yes, Nauru is generally safe and friendly. Take care when swimming and walking on the rough terrain of Topside.
Do I need a visa for Nauru?
Entry requirements depend on your passport and may need to be arranged in advance. Check the official Nauru government site or embassy before you travel.
How many days do you need in Nauru?
One or two days is enough to see the main sights. Many visitors stay a little longer because flights are infrequent.
What language is spoken in Nauru?
Nauruan is the national language, and English is widely spoken and used in government and business.
How do you get around Nauru?
There is no public transport, so most visitors rent a car or arrange lifts. The island is small enough to circle in under an hour.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Most visitors rent a car or scooter or use hotel transfers. One ring road circles the island.
- Dress modestly away from the beach
- Ask before photographing people or homes
- Greet people warmly – life is slow and personal
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