The story of Slovenia
Slovenia's story stretches back to the Stone Age: a cave bear bone flute from the Divje Babe cave, thought by some to have been made by Neanderthals, is one of the oldest possible musical instruments ever found, and the world's oldest known wooden wheel was discovered in the Ljubljana Marshes. Later, Celtic tribes settled the region, followed by the Romans, who founded Emona, the forerunner of Ljubljana, and built roads linking Italy to the Danube.
In the sixth century Slavic peoples, the ancestors of today's Slovenes, settled the Eastern Alps, forming the principality of Carantania. From the eighth century the region came under Frankish rule, and by the late Middle Ages most Slovene lands were part of the Habsburg domains, where they remained for centuries. The Protestant Reformation brought the first books printed in Slovene, by Primož Trubar in 1550, and the poet France Prešeren later became a symbol of Slovene identity.
Read the full history
After the First World War, Slovenia joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia. It was occupied during the Second World War and became one of the republics of socialist Yugoslavia after 1945. In 1991 Slovenia declared independence and, after a brief ten-day war, became a sovereign state. It joined the European Union and NATO in 2004 and adopted the euro in 2007.
Today Slovenia is a green, prosperous country known for its Alpine scenery, caves, wine and charming towns. Visitors can explore the capital Ljubljana, the Julian Alps, Lake Bled, the Škocjan Caves and the Venetian-influenced coastal towns, enjoying a rich blend of Central European, Mediterranean and Balkan influences.
Timeline
- c. 3150 BCWorld's oldest known wooden wheel used in the Ljubljana Marshes
- 14 ADRoman settlement of Emona established
- 6th centurySlavic tribes settle the region
- 1550First book printed in Slovene
- 1918Slovenia joins the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- 1991Independence from Yugoslavia
- 2004Slovenia joins the EU and NATO
- 2007Euro adopted
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Schengen Area – Part of the Schengen Area – 29 European countries with no passport checks between them. Short visits are usually counted under the 90-days-in-any-180 rule across the whole area.
- European Union – EU member – EU/EEA citizens can travel and stay freely.
- Eurozone – Uses the euro.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Schengen Area (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Slovenia appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Slovenia
- Row to Bled IslandTake a pletna boat to the island church in the middle of Lake Bled and ring the wishing bell.
- Explore Ljubljana's old townStroll along the river past cafés, bridges and baroque buildings, with the castle above.
- Descend into Škocjan CavesWalk through a huge underground canyon with a roaring river in this UNESCO-listed cave system.
- Hike in Triglav National ParkFollow trails past alpine lakes, waterfalls and peaks in the Julian Alps.
- Swim in Lake BohinjRelax at a quieter alpine lake surrounded by mountains.
- Raft the Soča RiverPaddle through emerald waters in one of Europe's most beautiful river valleys.
- Visit Postojna CaveRide a train into a vast cave system, then visit nearby Predjama Castle built into a cliff.
- Taste wine in Goriška BrdaSample local wines in vineyard-covered hills near the Italian border.
- Explore PiranWander the Venetian-style streets of a picturesque coastal town.
- Drive the Vršič PassTake a scenic mountain road with dozens of hairpin bends through the Julian Alps.
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Where to go in Slovenia
- LjubljanaCapital · culture & cafésA lively, green capital with a riverside old town and castle.
- Lake BledJulian Alps · lake & castleA fairytale lake with an island church and a clifftop castle.
- Lake BohinjJulian Alps · natureA larger, quieter lake surrounded by mountains and trails.
- Soča ValleyWestern Slovenia · adventureEmerald rivers, waterfalls and outdoor sports like rafting and kayaking.
- 📍Škocjan CavesKarst · UNESCO cavesA spectacular underground canyon and river.
- PiranAdriatic coast · historic townA charming coastal town with Venetian architecture and seafood restaurants.
- 📍Postojna Cave & Predjama CastleKarst · caves & castleFamous caves and a dramatic castle built into a cliff.
- 📍MariborEastern Slovenia · wineSlovenia's second city, home to the world's oldest grapevine still bearing fruit.
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- Row a traditional pletna boat to the island on Lake Bled
- Go rafting or kayaking on the Soča River
- Ride the train deep into Postojna Cave
- Hike in Triglav National Park in the Julian Alps
- Kranjska klobasa – smoked Carniolan sausage, a national favourite
- Kremšnita – Bled cream cake of vanilla custard and pastry
- Potica – rolled cake filled with walnuts or poppy seeds
- Idrijski žlikrofi – small dumplings filled with potato and herbs
Best time to visit Slovenia
Slovenia has a varied climate: alpine in the mountains, continental in the east and Mediterranean on the coast. Summers are warm, while winters are cold in the mountains.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Ljubljana (approximate averages).
- FebruaryKurentovanjePtuj's carnival features shaggy, horned kurent costumes believed to chase away winter.
- July–AugustLjubljana FestivalA summer arts festival with concerts, opera and theatre.
- JuneFestival of LentMaribor's riverside festival of music, theatre and dance.
- SeptemberCows' Ball (Kravji bal)Bohinj celebrates cows returning from alpine pastures with music and folk traditions.
- NovemberSt Martin's DayWine regions celebrate the new wine with feasting and festivities.
How many days in Slovenia?
Day 1-2: Ljubljana. Day 3: Lake Bled. Day 4: Lake Bohinj and hiking. Day 5: Postojna Cave and Predjama Castle.
Day 1-2: Ljubljana. Day 3-4: Bled and Bohinj. Day 5-6: Soča Valley via the Vršič Pass. Day 7: Škocjan Caves. Day 8-9: Piran and the coast. Day 10: back to Ljubljana.
Backpacker budget: about $50–75 a day
- Buses are often more convenient than trains for reaching lakes and mountains.
- Hostels are plentiful in Ljubljana and Bled.
- Look for 'malica' or lunch menus for affordable meals.
- Rent a bike to explore Ljubljana and the countryside.
- Hike rather than pay for tours – trails are free and well marked.
Stay safe
- Slovenia is very safe, with low crime rates.
- Check weather conditions before mountain hikes and carry proper gear.
- Be careful on mountain roads, especially in winter.
- Respect nature rules in national parks.
Money
- Slovenia uses the euro.
- Cards are widely accepted, and ATMs are easy to find.
- Tipping around 10% is appreciated in restaurants.
Emergency: 112 fire & ambulance · 113 police
Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport (LJU) is the main international airport, while many travellers also use airports in Venice, Trieste, Zagreb or Vienna. Trains and buses connect Slovenia with Italy, Austria, Croatia and Hungary.
✈️ Cheap flights to Slovenia: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Slovenia is one of the most forested countries in Europe.
- The world's oldest known wooden wheel was found near Ljubljana.
- Slovenia's Postojna Cave is home to the olm, a blind cave salamander nicknamed the 'baby dragon'.
- Maribor is home to what is recognised as the oldest grapevine in the world still producing grapes.
- Slovenia has a coastline of less than 50 km.
Slovenia travel questions
Is Slovenia safe for tourists?
Slovenia is one of the safest countries in Europe. Normal travel precautions are sufficient.
When is the best time to visit Slovenia?
May to September is ideal for outdoor activities. Winter is great for skiing in the Alps.
How many days do you need in Slovenia?
Five days covers the main highlights. Ten days lets you explore the Alps, caves and coast.
Do I need a visa for Slovenia?
Slovenia is part of the Schengen Area, and entry requirements depend on your passport. Check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
Is Slovenia expensive?
Slovenia is moderately priced compared with Western Europe. Budget travellers can keep costs down with hostels, buses and local food.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses and trains connect most towns, and distances are short. A rental car makes it easy to reach the Alps and the Soča Valley.
- Church of the Assumption, Bled Island – Island church where visitors ring the 'wishing bell'
- Basilica of Mary Help of Christians, Brezje – Slovenia's national Marian shrine and main pilgrimage site
- Shake hands and make eye contact when meeting people
- Take off your shoes when entering a home
- Stay on marked trails and take your rubbish with you in the mountains
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