The story of South Korea
People have lived on the Korean Peninsula for tens of thousands of years, and by the first millennium BC rice farming and bronze-working cultures had taken hold, leaving behind dolmens that are now UNESCO-listed. According to legend, the first Korean kingdom, Gojoseon, was founded by Dangun in 2333 BC. By the early centuries AD, three rival kingdoms, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, had emerged, each producing exquisite gold crowns, Buddhist temples and royal tombs.
Silla unified much of the peninsula in the 7th century and made Gyeongju a brilliant capital, home to Bulguksa Temple and the Seokguram Grotto. The Goryeo dynasty, from which the name 'Korea' derives, followed in 918 and is remembered for celadon pottery and the Tripitaka Koreana, a set of Buddhist scriptures carved onto more than 80,000 wooden blocks. In 1392 the Joseon dynasty took power in Seoul, built grand palaces and, under King Sejong the Great, introduced the Hangeul alphabet in the 15th century.
Read the full history
In the late 19th century, Korea became the focus of rivalry among regional powers, and Japan annexed the peninsula in 1910. Liberation came in 1945, but the peninsula was divided, and the Korean War of 1950 to 1953 ended in an armistice that left a heavily fortified demilitarised zone between North and South. Over the following decades South Korea transformed itself from a war-damaged agricultural nation into a high-tech industrial powerhouse in a period often called the 'Miracle on the Han River'.
After large pro-democracy movements, South Korea held direct presidential elections in 1987 and has since become a vibrant democracy. Its pop music, films, dramas and food have conquered the world in the 'Korean Wave'. For visitors, the country blends ultramodern cities with deep tradition: Joseon palaces and hanok villages in Seoul, the ancient tombs of Gyeongju, mountain temples where you can stay overnight, the volcanic island of Jeju and some of the world's most exciting street food.
Timeline
- 2333 BCLegendary founding of Gojoseon by Dangun
- 57 BC – 668 ADThree Kingdoms period of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla
- 918Goryeo dynasty begins, giving Korea its name
- 1392Joseon dynasty is founded with its capital in Seoul
- 1443King Sejong creates the Hangeul alphabet
- 1910Japan annexes Korea
- 1953Korean War armistice is signed, dividing the peninsula
- 1988Seoul hosts the Summer Olympic Games
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of South Korea (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for South Korea appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in South Korea
- Wear hanbok at GyeongbokgungRent traditional dress and stroll the grandest of Seoul's Joseon palaces as the guards change.
- Eat at Gwangjang MarketPerch on a stool for bindaetteok pancakes, gimbap and spicy tteokbokki in Seoul's oldest market.
- Stay in a templeJoin monks for dawn chanting, meditation and vegetarian meals on a temple stay programme.
- Hike BukhansanScramble up granite peaks within the city limits for sweeping views over Seoul.
- Explore GyeongjuCycle between grassy royal tombs, Bulguksa Temple and the Seokguram Grotto in the 'museum without walls'.
- Climb Hallasan on JejuTrek to the crater rim of South Korea's highest peak on its volcanic holiday island.
- Visit the DMZJoin an organised tour to the border area for a sobering look at the divided peninsula.
- Soak in a jjimjilbangSpend an evening in a Korean bathhouse with hot pools, saunas and heated floors.
- Sample Busan's seafoodBrowse Jagalchi Fish Market and eat fresh catches before hitting Haeundae beach.
- Sing your heart out at a noraebangRent a private karaoke room with friends for a quintessential Korean night out.
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Where to go in South Korea
- SeoulCapital Area · megacityRoyal palaces, hanok alleys, futuristic design and non-stop food and nightlife in one dynamic capital.
- BusanSoutheast · coastal cityKorea's second city combines beaches, hillside villages, seafood markets and seaside temples.
- GyeongjuNorth Gyeongsang · ancient capitalThe former Silla capital is packed with UNESCO-listed temples, tombs and relics.
- Jeju IslandSouth · volcanic islandLava tubes, waterfalls, coastal trails and Hallasan make Jeju Korea's favourite getaway.
- Seoraksan National ParkGangwon · mountainsJagged granite peaks, waterfalls and blazing autumn colours near the east coast.
- 📍JeonjuNorth Jeolla · hanok village & foodA traditional hanok village and the birthplace of bibimbap, with a renowned food culture.
- 📍AndongNorth Gyeongsang · folk heritageHome to Hahoe Folk Village, a UNESCO-listed clan village with mask-dance traditions.
- 📍DMZGyeonggi · border areaObservatories and tunnels along the demilitarised zone, visited only on organised tours.
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- Wear a hanbok to visit Gyeongbokgung Palace
- Grill your own Korean BBQ
- Relax in a jjimjilbang bathhouse
- Stay overnight at a Buddhist temple
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- Bibimbap – rice bowl with vegetables, egg and chilli paste
- Samgyeopsal – pork belly grilled at the table
- Kimchi – spicy fermented cabbage served with every meal
- Tteokbokki – chewy rice cakes in sweet-spicy sauce
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Best time to visit South Korea
South Korea has four distinct seasons: freezing dry winters, warm springs, hot rainy summers and crisp autumns. Jeju and the south coast are noticeably milder in winter, while the northeastern mountains are the coldest and snowiest.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Seoul (approximate averages).
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- January/FebruarySeollal (Lunar New Year)Families gather for ancestral rites, rice-cake soup and traditional games.
- Late March/AprilJinhae Gunhangje Cherry Blossom FestivalKorea's largest cherry blossom festival turns the naval town of Jinhae pink.
- April/MayLotus Lantern FestivalSeoul celebrates Buddha's Birthday with a dazzling lantern parade through the city centre.
- JulyBoryeong Mud FestivalVisitors wrestle, slide and paint themselves with mineral-rich mud on a west-coast beach.
- September/OctoberChuseokThe harvest festival sees families return home to honour ancestors and share songpyeon rice cakes.
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How many days in South Korea?
Day 1-3 explore Seoul's palaces, Bukchon Hanok Village, markets and nightlife districts. Day 4 take a DMZ tour or hike Bukhansan. Day 5 ride the KTX to Busan for a day of beaches and seafood, or stay for a temple visit.
Day 1-4 Seoul, including a DMZ tour. Day 5 Jeonju's hanok village, then Day 6-7 Gyeongju's ancient sites. Day 8-9 Busan's beaches and markets, finishing with a quick flight to Jeju on Day 10 or a return to Seoul by high-speed train.
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Backpacker budget: about $50–75 a day
- Get a T-money card for metros, buses and even taxis in most cities, plus convenience-store purchases.
- Intercity and express buses are cheaper than KTX trains and very comfortable.
- Eat at kimbap shops, markets and university areas for filling, inexpensive meals.
- Hongdae in Seoul and Haeundae or Seomyeon in Busan are lively backpacker bases with plenty of hostels.
- Jjimjilbang bathhouses offer communal sleeping areas and can be an unusual budget night's rest.
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Stay safe
- South Korea has very low crime, and it is safe to walk around at night in cities.
- Take care crossing roads – drivers and scooters do not always yield, even at crossings.
- Check air-quality forecasts in spring, when fine dust and yellow dust can be high.
- Follow typhoon and heavy-rain warnings in summer, and stick to official tours near the DMZ.
Money
- Cards and mobile payments are accepted almost everywhere, though some market stalls prefer cash.
- Look for global ATMs at convenience stores and banks, as not all machines accept foreign cards.
- Tipping is not customary and can sometimes cause confusion.
Emergency: 112 police · 119 fire & ambulance
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Most travellers arrive at Incheon International Airport near Seoul, with further international flights to Gimpo, Busan's Gimhae and Jeju; ferries also link Busan with Japan.
✈️ Cheap flights to South Korea: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
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- Hangeul, the Korean alphabet, was deliberately designed in the 15th century to be easy for everyone to learn.
- Koreans traditionally counted age differently, though official documents now use international age.
- Some of the world's oldest surviving movable metal type printing, the Jikji, was produced in Korea in 1377.
- South Korea has one of the world's fastest average internet speeds.
- Kimchi-making, known as kimjang, is recognised by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage.
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South Korea travel questions
Is South Korea safe for tourists?
Yes, South Korea is one of the safest countries in the world for travellers, with very low crime. Normal precautions are enough, and public transport is safe late at night.
When is the best time to visit South Korea?
Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–November) are ideal, with mild weather and beautiful blossoms or foliage. Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is cold but good for skiing.
How many days do you need in South Korea?
Five days covers Seoul and a day trip, while 10 to 14 days lets you add Busan, Gyeongju, Jeonju and Jeju.
Is it easy to get around South Korea without speaking Korean?
Yes – transport signs are bilingual, trains and subways are excellent, and translation apps help elsewhere. Learning to read Hangeul basics is quick and very useful.
Do I need a visa for South Korea?
It depends on your passport – many nationalities can visit visa-free but may need an advance travel authorisation. Check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
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Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
KTX high-speed trains and express buses connect cities quickly. Seoul and Busan have excellent subways; a T-money card works on most transport.
- Bulguksa Temple – 8th-century UNESCO-listed Buddhist temple near Gyeongju
- Haeinsa Temple – Home of the Tripitaka Koreana, over 80,000 carved woodblocks
- Jogyesa Temple – Main temple of Korean Zen Buddhism in central Seoul
- Use two hands to give or receive things, especially from elders
- Wait for elders to start eating first
- Take off your shoes when entering homes and some restaurants
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