The story of Bangladesh
Bangladesh sits on the world's largest river delta, where the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers spread across fertile plains. People have farmed rice and fished these waters for thousands of years. Early kingdoms traded with the wider world from river ports, and the ancient fortified city of Mahasthangarh in the north is among the oldest urban sites in the region. Buddhism flourished under the Pala dynasty, which built great monasteries such as Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur.
From the thirteenth century, Muslim rulers brought Bengal under the Delhi Sultanate and later independent sultanates, and Sufi saints helped spread Islam across the countryside. Under the Mughals, Bengal became one of the richest provinces in Asia, famous for fine muslin and silk, and Dhaka grew into a thriving capital. The mosque city of Bagerhat, founded in the fifteenth century, survives from this era.
Read the full history
The British East India Company gained control of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the region was ruled from Calcutta for nearly two centuries. When British India was partitioned in 1947, the Muslim-majority east became East Pakistan, separated from West Pakistan by more than a thousand miles. Tensions over language and political power grew; the 1952 Language Movement, defending the Bengali language, is still honoured every February. In 1971, after a war of liberation, Bangladesh became an independent nation, with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as its founding leader.
Since independence, Bangladesh has faced cyclones, floods and political upheaval, yet it has also become a major garment exporter and one of Asia's fastest-growing economies. For travellers, the country is refreshingly uncrowded by tourists: you can explore Mughal-era Old Dhaka, the tea gardens of Sylhet, the hill tracts near Chittagong, the world's longest natural sea beach at Cox's Bazar and the Sundarbans mangroves, home to the Bengal tiger. Above all, visitors remember the extraordinary warmth and curiosity of the people.
Timeline
- c. 300 BCMahasthangarh becomes an early urban centre
- 8th centuryPala dynasty builds Buddhist monasteries such as Paharpur
- 1204Muslim rule begins in Bengal
- 1610Dhaka becomes the Mughal capital of Bengal
- 1757Battle of Plassey brings British East India Company control
- 1947Partition makes the region East Pakistan
- 1952Language Movement defends Bengali as a national language
- 1971Bangladesh gains independence after the Liberation War
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Bangladesh (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Bangladesh appears below as soon as publishers report it.
🛰️ The agents haven't spotted fresh news about Bangladesh in the last few days – here is the travel guide, plus the latest from nearby countries.
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Things to do in Bangladesh
- Ride a rickshaw in Old DhakaWeave through jammed lanes of spice markets, pink palaces and riverside ghats on a colourful cycle rickshaw.
- Cruise the BurigangaTake a small wooden boat across Dhaka's busy river to watch ferries, cargo boats and daily life at Sadarghat.
- Search for tigers in the SundarbansJoin a multi-day boat trip through the mangrove maze, spotting crocodiles, deer and kingfishers, with a rare chance of a tiger's tracks.
- Walk the tea gardens of SylhetStroll through rolling emerald tea estates around Srimangal and sip the famous seven-layer tea.
- Stretch out on Cox's Bazar beachWalk along an unbroken sandy shoreline that runs for well over a hundred kilometres.
- Visit the mosques of BagerhatExplore a UNESCO-listed medieval mosque city, including the many-domed Sixty Dome Mosque.
- Explore Paharpur's monasteryClimb around the huge brick ruins of one of the largest Buddhist monasteries south of the Himalayas.
- Trek the Chittagong Hill TractsDiscover forested hills, waterfalls and Indigenous communities around Bandarban and Rangamati.
- Eat your way through biryani and fish curriesFeast on Old Dhaka's kacchi biryani, hilsa fish in mustard sauce and sticky sweets like roshogolla.
- Float through Ratargul swamp forestGlide by boat between half-submerged trees in a freshwater swamp forest near Sylhet during the wet season.
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Where to go in Bangladesh
- 📍Old DhakaDhaka · heritage & marketsLalbagh Fort, the pink Ahsan Manzil palace and chaotic bazaars make the old city an unforgettable sensory overload.
- SundarbansSouthwest · mangrove forestThe world's largest mangrove forest and a UNESCO site, best explored on a slow boat trip from Khulna or Mongla.
- SrimangalSylhet division · tea countryThe country's tea capital, with tea estates, Lawachara rainforest and gibbon-spotting walks.
- Cox's BazarSoutheast coast · beachBangladesh's favourite seaside town, with a vast beach and seafood shacks.
- BandarbanChittagong Hill Tracts · hillsGreen hills, viewpoints and Indigenous villages offer the country's best trekking.
- 📍BagerhatKhulna division · historic mosquesA cluster of fifteenth-century mosques and tombs, led by the striking Sixty Dome Mosque.
- 📍PaharpurNorthwest · Buddhist ruinsThe vast terracotta-decorated remains of Somapura Mahavihara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Saint Martin's IslandBay of Bengal · coral islandThe country's only coral island, with palm-lined beaches and clear water in the dry season.
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- Take a boat trip into the Sundarbans
- Ride a rickshaw through Old Dhaka
- Sip seven-layer tea in Srimangal
- Watch the sunset at Cox's Bazar
Returnees included 86 women convicted of staying illegally
- Hilsa – the national fish, often cooked in mustard sauce
- Biryani – spiced rice with meat, a Dhaka favourite
- Bhorta – mashed vegetables or fish with mustard oil and chilli
- Mishti doi – sweet, set yogurt
Best time to visit Bangladesh
Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with a pleasant dry winter, a hot pre-monsoon season and heavy summer rains. Sylhet in the northeast is among the wettest places in the country, while the coast faces a cyclone risk in spring and autumn.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Dhaka (approximate averages).
- 14 AprilPohela BoishakhBengali New Year fills streets with music, red-and-white clothing and the colourful Mangal Shobhajatra procession in Dhaka.
- 21 FebruaryInternational Mother Language DayCrowds lay flowers at the Shaheed Minar in Dhaka to honour the Language Movement.
- Dates vary (lunar calendar)Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-AdhaThe biggest holidays of the year, when cities empty as millions travel home to family.
- September–OctoberDurga PujaThe Hindu community's grand festival, with ornate goddess idols displayed in temples and pavilions.
- 16 DecemberVictory DayParades and flag-waving celebrate the end of the 1971 Liberation War.
How many days in Bangladesh?
Day 1-2: explore Old Dhaka by rickshaw, Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Manzil and a boat ride at Sadarghat. Day 3-5: take the train to Srimangal for tea gardens, Lawachara forest walks and village cycling.
Day 1-2: Dhaka's old city and museums. Day 3-5: travel to Khulna for a Sundarbans boat trip and the mosques of Bagerhat. Day 6-7: Srimangal and the tea estates. Day 8-10: head to Chittagong and Bandarban's hills, finishing at Cox's Bazar beach.
Backpacker budget: about $20–35 a day
- Trains are cheap, comfortable and far less stressful than the roads; book seats in advance, especially around holidays.
- Long-distance buses connect all major towns, and air-conditioned coaches are worth the small extra cost for overnight trips.
- Street food and local 'hotels' (simple restaurants) serve rice, dal, curries and bhorta mashes for very little money.
- Budget guesthouses cluster around Dhaka's Paltan and Gulshan areas, but expect basic standards outside big cities and very few hostels.
- Avoid travelling during the two Eid holidays, when transport is overwhelmed and many businesses close.
Stay safe
- Check your government's latest travel advice before going, as political demonstrations and strikes (hartals) can occur and are best avoided.
- Traffic is the biggest everyday danger; take care crossing roads and choose reputable bus companies.
- Dress modestly, especially outside Dhaka, and women travellers may prefer to sit in women's sections on transport.
- Some areas of the Chittagong Hill Tracts may require permits or have access restrictions for foreigners, so check locally before you go.
Money
- The currency is the taka (BDT); bring cash and exchange or withdraw it in cities, as ATMs are scarce in rural areas.
- Cards are accepted only in upmarket hotels, restaurants and shops in big cities, so carry enough cash for daily spending.
- Tipping is not expected in local restaurants, but small tips for guides, drivers and boat crews are appreciated.
Emergency: 999 all emergencies
Most visitors fly into Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka, with smaller international airports at Chittagong and Sylhet. Land borders with India, such as Benapole near Kolkata, are popular overland routes, and there are also train services from Kolkata.
✈️ Cheap flights to Bangladesh: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries on Earth.
- The Sundarbans, shared with India, is the largest mangrove forest in the world.
- UNESCO's International Mother Language Day on 21 February was inspired by Bangladesh's Language Movement.
- Dhaka has been nicknamed the rickshaw capital of the world.
- The national fish, hilsa, is so beloved it features in festivals and countless family recipes.
Bangladesh travel questions
Is Bangladesh safe for tourists?
Most visits are trouble-free and people are famously hospitable, but political demonstrations can happen and traffic is hazardous. Check your government's latest travel advice and avoid large gatherings.
When is the best time to visit Bangladesh?
November to February is cool and dry and is the best time for travel. The monsoon from June to September brings heavy rain and flooding.
How many days do you need in Bangladesh?
Five days lets you see Dhaka and the tea country around Srimangal. Ten days or more allows a Sundarbans boat trip and the hills and coast of the southeast.
Do I need a visa for Bangladesh?
It depends on your passport – check the official government site or a Bangladeshi embassy before you travel.
What food should I try in Bangladesh?
Try hilsa fish in mustard, kacchi biryani from Old Dhaka, bhorta mashes and sweets such as roshogolla and mishti doi. Street snacks like fuchka are hugely popular.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses, trains and domestic flights connect major cities, and river ferries are a classic option. In cities, use rickshaws, CNG auto-rickshaws or ride-hailing apps.
- Sixty Dome Mosque – UNESCO-listed 15th-century mosque in the historic city of Bagerhat
- Somapura Mahavihara – Ruins of a great Buddhist monastery at Paharpur
- Dhakeshwari Temple – Important Hindu temple in the heart of Dhaka
- Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees
- Use your right hand for eating and giving items
- Remove shoes before entering mosques and homes
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