The story of Laos
Laos's mountains and Mekong valleys have been home to people for tens of thousands of years. Its most mysterious relic is the Plain of Jars in Xieng Khouang, where hundreds of huge stone jars, linked to Iron Age burial practices, lie scattered across the hills. In the south, the Khmer Empire built the temple of Wat Phou, a sacred mountain-side sanctuary whose origins predate Angkor Wat.
Tai-speaking peoples moved into the region over many centuries, and in 1353 Fa Ngum founded the kingdom of Lan Xang, the 'Land of a Million Elephants', with its capital at Luang Prabang. Theravada Buddhism became central to its culture. King Setthathirath moved the capital to Vientiane in the sixteenth century, building the great That Luang stupa. In the early 1700s Lan Xang split into rival kingdoms, which later fell under Siamese influence; Vientiane was sacked after a failed revolt in the 1820s.
Read the full history
France turned Laos into a protectorate within French Indochina in 1893. Full independence came in 1953, but the country was soon drawn into a long civil war tied to the wider Indochina conflicts, during which Laos became, per person, the most heavily bombed country in history. In 1975 the monarchy was abolished and the Lao People's Democratic Republic was founded.
Since the economic reforms of the late 1980s, Laos has gradually opened to the world, joining ASEAN in 1997 and linking to China by a modern railway in 2021. For travellers it remains one of Southeast Asia's most relaxed countries: saffron-robed monks collecting alms at dawn in Luang Prabang, karst peaks around Vang Vieng, river islands in the Mekong and mountain villages of many ethnic groups, all at an unhurried Lao pace.
Timeline
- c. 500 BC-AD 500Stone jars placed on the Plain of Jars
- 5th-12th centuriesWat Phou flourishes as a Khmer-era sanctuary
- 1353Fa Ngum founds the kingdom of Lan Xang
- 1560Capital moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiane
- 1893Laos becomes a French protectorate
- 1953Full independence from France
- 1975Lao People's Democratic Republic founded
- 2021Laos–China railway opens
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- ASEAN – ASEAN member – many Southeast Asian citizens have easier short visits.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Laos (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Laos appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Laos
- Watch the dawn alms givingSee lines of monks walk silently through Luang Prabang at sunrise – respectfully, from a distance.
- Swim at Kuang Si FallsPlunge into turquoise limestone pools cascading through the jungle near Luang Prabang.
- Slow boat down the MekongSpend two days drifting between Huay Xai and Luang Prabang past villages and forested hills.
- Kayak and climb in Vang ViengPaddle the Nam Song River, explore caves and hike to viewpoints above karst peaks.
- Explore the Plain of JarsWander among giant ancient stone jars on cleared paths in Xieng Khouang.
- Relax in the 4,000 IslandsSwing in a hammock on Don Det or Don Khon, cycle the islands and see Khone Phapheng falls.
- Ride the Thakhek LoopMotorbike through limestone landscapes to the vast Kong Lor river cave.
- Visit Wat PhouClimb the stone stairway of this UNESCO-listed Khmer-era temple near Champasak.
- Learn at the COPE CentreUnderstand the legacy of unexploded ordnance at this moving visitor centre in Vientiane.
- Eat laap and sticky riceShare minced-meat salad, grilled fish and baskets of sticky rice at a riverside market.
There were no changes to the advisory level or risk indicators. Advisory summary updated. Exercise increased caution in Laos due to crime, unrest, and unexploded ordnances . Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel…
#Laos#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Laos
- Luang PrabangNorth · UNESCO townA serene former royal capital of gilded temples, French-colonial houses and night markets.
- 📍VientianeCentral · capitalA laid-back riverside capital with That Luang, Patuxai and lively Mekong sunset promenades.
- Vang ViengCentral · adventureStunning karst scenery and outdoor activities from tubing to hot-air balloons.
- 📍Nong Khiaw & Muang NgoiNorth · river valleyDramatic peaks above the Nam Ou river, great for trekking and hikes to viewpoints.
- Plain of JarsXieng Khouang · archaeologyA UNESCO site of mysterious megalithic jars on rolling hills.
- 📍Si Phan Don (4,000 Islands)Far south · Mekong islandsTranquil river islands with waterfalls and a slow island rhythm.
- 📍Bolaven PlateauSouth · coffee & waterfallsCool highlands full of coffee farms and spectacular waterfalls such as Tad Fane.
- 📍Kong Lor CaveKhammouane · river caveA 7 km river cave you travel through by longtail boat.
- Watch the morning alms-giving in Luang Prabang respectfully
- Swim at Kuang Si Falls
- Take a slow boat down the Mekong
- Explore caves and lagoons around Vang Vieng
- Larb – minced meat salad with herbs and lime
- Sticky rice – eaten by hand with most meals
- Tam mak hoong – spicy green papaya salad
- Khao piak sen – comforting rice noodle soup
Best time to visit Laos
Laos has a tropical monsoon climate, with a dry season from November to April and a wet season from May to October. Mountainous northern areas are cooler, especially at night in winter.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Vientiane (approximate averages).
- Mid-AprilPi Mai (Lao New Year)Three days of water fights, temple visits and blessings, especially joyful in Luang Prabang.
- MayBoun Bang Fai (Rocket Festival)Villagers launch homemade rockets to encourage the rains.
- OctoberBoun Ok Phansa and boat racesThe end of Buddhist Lent is marked with illuminated boats floating on the Mekong and long-boat races.
- NovemberThat Luang FestivalPilgrims and processions gather at Vientiane's golden stupa for Laos's most important religious festival.
- Late November-DecemberHmong New YearHmong communities celebrate the harvest with traditional dress, ball-tossing games and music.
How many days in Laos?
Day 1-3 explore Luang Prabang, Mount Phousi and Kuang Si Falls. Day 4-5 take the train to Vang Vieng for caves and kayaking. Day 6 finish in Vientiane at That Luang and the riverfront.
Day 1-2 slow boat from Huay Xai, then Day 3-5 Luang Prabang with a side trip to Nong Khiaw. Day 6-7 Vang Vieng and Day 8 Vientiane. Day 9-11 ride the Thakhek Loop to Kong Lor, then Day 12-14 Wat Phou, the Bolaven Plateau and the 4,000 Islands.
Backpacker budget: about $25–35 a day
- The Laos–China railway is a fast, affordable link between Vientiane, Vang Vieng and Luang Prabang – buy tickets early as they sell out.
- VIP buses and minivans cover other routes cheaply; sleeper buses are popular for long journeys south.
- Vang Vieng, Luang Prabang, Don Det and Thakhek have plenty of cheap guesthouses and hostels.
- Eat at night markets and noodle stalls; khao piak sen and baguette sandwiches are budget staples.
- Rent a scooter for loops like Thakhek, but check the bike well and wear a helmet.
Stay safe
- Unexploded ordnance remains in some rural areas – stay on marked paths, especially around the Plain of Jars.
- Road conditions can be poor, especially in the rainy season; avoid night travel by road.
- Laos is generally safe, but watch out for bag snatching in Vientiane and theft from guesthouse rooms.
- Drug laws are very strict – avoid all illegal substances, including offers in backpacker towns.
Money
- The currency is the Lao kip; US dollars and Thai baht are sometimes accepted in tourist areas.
- ATMs are available in larger towns, but carry cash for rural areas and islands.
- Tipping is not customary, but leaving small change for good service is appreciated.
Emergency: 1191 police · 1190 fire · 1195 ambulance
Main international airports are in Vientiane and Luang Prabang, with some flights to Pakse. Land crossings connect with Thailand (including the Friendship Bridge near Vientiane), Vietnam, Cambodia and China, and the railway links Vientiane with Kunming.
✈️ Cheap flights to Laos: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Laos is Southeast Asia's only landlocked country.
- Lan Xang, the name of the old kingdom, means 'Land of a Million Elephants'.
- The Patuxai monument in Vientiane is sometimes called the 'vertical runway' because it was built with concrete originally meant for an airport.
- Sticky rice is eaten by hand at almost every meal, rolled into small balls.
- Kong Lor is one of the longest navigable river caves in Southeast Asia.
Laos travel questions
Is Laos safe for tourists?
Laos is generally safe and relaxed, with low violent crime. Take care on roads, stay on marked paths in rural areas because of unexploded ordnance, and avoid drugs.
What is the best time to visit Laos?
November to February is the best time, with dry, sunny and cooler weather. The rainy season from May to October brings green landscapes but harder travel in remote areas.
Do I need a visa for Laos?
It depends on your passport – some visitors can get a visa on arrival or e-visa, while others are visa-exempt. Check the official government site or Lao embassy before you travel.
How many days do you need in Laos?
One week covers Luang Prabang, Vang Vieng and Vientiane. Two weeks lets you explore the south, including the 4,000 Islands and Bolaven Plateau.
Is Laos cheap to travel?
Yes, Laos is one of the most budget-friendly countries in Southeast Asia, with inexpensive guesthouses, street food and transport.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses, minivans and slow boats link towns, and the Laos–China railway connects Vientiane, Vang Vieng and Luang Prabang. Tuk-tuks are common in towns.
- Pha That Luang – Golden stupa in Vientiane, the national symbol of Laos
- Wat Xieng Thong – Graceful 16th-century temple in Luang Prabang
- Wat Phou – Ancient Khmer temple ruins on a mountain slope, a UNESCO site
- Dress modestly at temples, covering shoulders and knees
- Women should not touch monks
- Keep your voice calm – losing your temper is frowned upon
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