The story of Myanmar
Myanmar, long known to the outside world as Burma, lies between India, China and Thailand, and its river valleys have nurtured civilisations for millennia. In the first millennium AD the Pyu people built walled cities such as Sri Ksetra and Halin along the Irrawaddy, absorbing Buddhist ideas from India, while Mon kingdoms flourished in the south and Arakanese states on the western coast.
In the 11th century King Anawrahta unified much of the country from Bagan, and over the following two centuries rulers and devotees raised thousands of temples and stupas across its plains, creating one of Asia's great religious landscapes. After Bagan declined in the late 13th century, power shifted between rival kingdoms at Ava, Pegu and elsewhere. The Taungoo dynasty built a vast empire in the 16th century, and in the 18th century the Konbaung dynasty reunited the land; its kings founded Mandalay as a royal capital in 1857.
Read the full history
Britain conquered Burma in three wars between 1824 and 1885 and governed it as part of British India until 1937. The country became a battleground during the Second World War, and independence leader Aung San negotiated freedom before his assassination in 1947. Burma became independent on 4 January 1948. A military coup in 1962 began decades of army-dominated rule, punctuated by the 1988 protests and long periods of isolation. A partial opening in the 2010s brought elections and a tourism boom, but the military took power again in 2021, and the country has since been affected by widespread armed conflict.
For travellers, Myanmar's heritage is extraordinary: the golden Shwedagon Pagoda, the temple plains of Bagan, royal Mandalay, the stilt villages of Inle Lake and a deeply Buddhist daily life. However, many regions are currently unsafe or closed, so anyone considering a visit must check their government's latest travel advice first.
Timeline
- c. 200 BC-AD 900Pyu city-states flourish along the Irrawaddy
- 1044King Anawrahta founds the Bagan empire
- 16th centuryThe Taungoo dynasty builds a large regional empire
- 1857King Mindon founds Mandalay as the royal capital
- 1885Britain completes its conquest of Burma
- 1948Independence on 4 January
- 1962A military coup begins decades of army rule
- 2021The military takes power again, followed by widespread conflict
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- ASEAN β ASEAN member β many Southeast Asian citizens have easier short visits.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Myanmar (Wikipedia) β
- IATA Travel Centre β passport, visa & health rules β
- U.S. passport holders β State Department country pages β
- UK passport holders β GOV.UK travel advice β
The latest visa and entry news for Myanmar appears below as soon as publishers report it.
Returnees included 86 women convicted of staying illegally
Returnees included 86 women convicted of staying illegally
Things to do in Myanmar
- Visit Shwedagon PagodaWalk barefoot around Yangon's gleaming golden stupa as it glows at sunset.
- Explore Bagan's templesCycle or ride an e-bike between thousands of ancient temples scattered across the plains.
- Boat across Inle LakeWatch leg-rowing fishermen and visit floating gardens, stilt villages and markets.
- See the Golden RockJoin pilgrims at Kyaiktiyo, where a gilded boulder balances on a cliff edge.
- Cross U Bein BridgeWalk the long teak footbridge near Mandalay at sunrise or sunset.
- Climb Mandalay HillAscend past shrines and monasteries for views over the old royal city.
- Explore Hpa-An's cavesVisit Buddha-filled limestone caves and paddy fields under karst peaks.
- Taste mohingaStart the day with the national dish, a fragrant fish noodle soup sold at street stalls.
- Ride the Yangon Circle LineTake a slow local train loop through the city's suburbs and markets.
- Relax at NgapaliUnwind on a palm-fringed beach on the Bay of Bengal.
Where to go in Myanmar
- πYangonSouth Β· former capitalThe largest city, with Shwedagon Pagoda, colonial architecture and bustling street life.
- BaganCentral plains Β· templesA UNESCO-listed landscape of more than two thousand ancient Buddhist monuments.
- MandalayUpper Myanmar Β· royal cityThe last royal capital, surrounded by the ancient capitals of Amarapura, Sagaing and Inwa.
- Inle LakeShan State Β· lakeA tranquil lake of floating gardens, stilt villages and Intha fishermen.
- πKyaiktiyo (Golden Rock)Mon State Β· pilgrimageOne of the most sacred Buddhist sites in the country.
- Hpa-AnKayin State Β· karst landscapesLimestone mountains, cave temples and rural scenery.
- Ngapali BeachRakhine coast Β· beachA long stretch of white sand with fishing villages and seafood.
- πMrauk URakhine State Β· ancient capitalAtmospheric stone temples of a former Arakanese kingdom; access has often been restricted.
- Watch sunrise over the temples of Bagan
- Take a boat trip on Inle Lake
- Visit Shwedagon Pagoda at sunset
- Drink sweet tea in a local tea shop
- Mohinga β fish noodle soup, often eaten for breakfast
- Laphet thoke β pickled tea leaf salad
- Shan noodles β rice noodles with chicken or pork
- Burmese curry β rich curries with many side dishes
Best time to visit Myanmar
Myanmar has a tropical monsoon climate with three seasons: cool and dry, hot, and rainy. Upland areas such as Shan State are cooler, while the central dry zone around Bagan receives less rain.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Yangon (approximate averages).
- AprilThingyan Water FestivalThe Burmese New Year, celebrated with joyful nationwide water throwing.
- OctoberThadingyut Festival of LightsHomes and pagodas are lit with candles and lanterns to mark the end of Buddhist Lent.
- NovemberTazaungdaing FestivalFamous for the hot-air balloon and fire-balloon competitions in Taunggyi.
- September-OctoberPhaung Daw Oo Pagoda FestivalSacred Buddha images are carried around Inle Lake on a golden royal barge.
How many days in Myanmar?
If travel is advisable, spend Days 1-2 in Yangon, Days 3-4 in Bagan and Days 5-7 in Mandalay and Inle Lake. Check which regions are open before planning any route.
Days 1-3 Yangon and Golden Rock, Days 4-6 Bagan, Days 7-8 Mandalay and its ancient capitals, and Days 9-12 Inle Lake and the Shan hills. Routes depend entirely on current safety conditions and access.
Backpacker budget: about $25β40 a day
- Check your government's latest travel advice before planning anything - many routes popular with backpackers have been closed.
- When open, overnight buses are a cheap and common way to travel between major destinations.
- Street food, teahouses and local curry shops offer very cheap, filling meals.
- Dress modestly and remove shoes and socks at all pagodas and monasteries.
- Internet and banking services can be unreliable, so carry offline maps and backup funds.
Stay safe
- Many governments advise against all or non-essential travel to Myanmar due to armed conflict and political instability - check your government's latest advice before travelling.
- Large areas, including many border regions, are affected by fighting and may be closed to foreigners.
- Avoid demonstrations, military sites and any political activity, and do not photograph security forces.
- Travel insurance may be invalid if you travel against official advice, and medical care is limited.
Money
- The currency is the kyat; cash is essential, as cards and ATMs are often unreliable for foreigners.
- Bring clean, unmarked US dollar notes, which are more easily exchanged.
- Tipping is not traditionally expected, but small tips for guides and drivers are appreciated.
Emergency: 199 police Β· 191 fire Β· 192 ambulance
Yangon International Airport is the main gateway, with Mandalay also receiving international flights. Land borders with Thailand and other neighbours exist but are frequently closed or unsafe, so check the latest situation before any overland plans.
βοΈ Cheap flights to Myanmar: airports, flight times & best time to fly β
- Bagan has more than two thousand surviving temples and pagodas.
- Inle Lake's Intha fishermen row with one leg wrapped around the oar, leaving their hands free for nets.
- Many people wear thanaka, a pale paste made from tree bark, on their faces as sunscreen and cosmetic.
- Burmese people traditionally do not use family surnames.
- The capital moved from Yangon to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw in the mid-2000s.
Myanmar travel questions
Is Myanmar safe for tourists?
Myanmar is currently affected by armed conflict and political instability, and many governments advise against all or most travel there. Check your government's latest travel advice before considering a trip.
Can you travel to Myanmar right now?
Travel may be heavily restricted, and many areas are closed to foreigners. Conditions change quickly, so rely on official government advice and up-to-date local information.
What is the best time to visit Myanmar?
November to February is the coolest and driest season. April and May are very hot, and June to September is the monsoon.
Do I need a visa for Myanmar?
It depends on your passport. Check the official Myanmar government website or your nearest embassy, along with your own government's travel advice, before you travel.
What are the top sights in Myanmar?
The best-known highlights are Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, the temples of Bagan, Mandalay and Inle Lake. Access to these and other sites depends on current safety conditions.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses and domestic flights connect the main areas, and slow trains and river boats are also available. Taxis and ride-hailing apps work in Yangon.
- Shwedagon Pagoda β Gold-covered stupa, the most sacred Buddhist site in Myanmar
- Golden Rock (Kyaiktiyo) β Gilded boulder balanced on a cliff edge with a small pagoda on top
- Mahamuni Pagoda β Mandalay temple with a revered Buddha covered in gold leaf
- Remove shoes and socks at all pagodas and temples
- Cover shoulders and knees at religious sites
- Never touch a person's head or point your feet at Buddha images
Nothing in this tab yet β the agents add new stories every few minutes.
π° Older Myanmar stories Everything our agents ever found β keeps loading as you scroll
π You reached the start of our archive.
.jpg)





