The story of Cabo Verde
The ten volcanic islands of Cabo Verde lay uninhabited when Portuguese navigators reached them around 1456-1460. Sitting roughly 500 kilometres off the coast of West Africa, they became a convenient stopover on the new Atlantic sea routes, and in 1462 settlers founded Ribeira Grande – today's Cidade Velha – on Santiago, the first European colonial town in the tropics.
The islands' strategic position made them a major hub of the Atlantic slave trade, and the population grew from Portuguese settlers and enslaved West Africans. From this meeting of peoples came a distinct Creole culture, with its own language, Kriolu, and music. Life was hard: the islands suffered repeated droughts and famines, pirate raids, and economic decline once the slave trade waned. Many Cape Verdeans emigrated, creating a diaspora larger than the population at home, notably in the United States, Portugal and the Netherlands.
Read the full history
In the 19th century the deep harbour of Mindelo on São Vicente became a coaling station for transatlantic steamships, briefly bringing prosperity. In the 20th century, the independence movement led by Amílcar Cabral and the PAIGC campaigned jointly for Cabo Verde and Guinea-Bissau, and Cabo Verde became independent on 5 July 1975. After a period of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1991 and has since earned a reputation as one of Africa's most stable democracies.
Today tourism, remittances and services drive the economy. Visitors come for the sandy beaches of Sal and Boa Vista, the dramatic hiking of Santo Antão, the volcano on Fogo and the soulful sounds of morna, made world-famous by singer Cesária Évora and recognised by UNESCO as intangible heritage. Cidade Velha's ruined cathedral and fortress, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recall the islands' role at the start of the Atlantic world.
Timeline
- c. 1456-1460Portuguese navigators reach the uninhabited islands
- 1462Ribeira Grande (Cidade Velha) founded on Santiago
- 1850sMindelo becomes a coaling port for Atlantic shipping
- 1956PAIGC founded to seek independence for Cabo Verde and Guinea-Bissau
- 1975Independence from Portugal on 5 July
- 1991First multiparty elections held
- 2009Cidade Velha listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
- 2019Morna recognised by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- ECOWAS – ECOWAS member – West African citizens can usually travel within the bloc.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Cape Verde (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Cabo Verde appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Cabo Verde
- Hike Santo AntãoWalk cobbled mule trails down green ravines and along cliff-edge paths on Cabo Verde's most dramatic island.
- Climb Pico do FogoScramble up the country's highest peak from the crater village of Chã das Caldeiras and taste wine grown in volcanic soil.
- Kitesurf in SalRide the steady trade winds at Kite Beach and Ponta Preta, among the best wind spots in the Atlantic.
- Float in Pedra de LumeBob effortlessly in the salt pans inside an extinct crater on Sal.
- Hear live mornaSpend an evening in Mindelo listening to the melancholy songs that made Cesária Évora famous.
- Explore Cidade VelhaWalk among the ruins and fort of the first colonial town in the tropics.
- Watch nesting turtlesJoin a guided night walk on Boa Vista to see loggerhead turtles laying eggs in summer.
- Roam Boa Vista's dunesWander the Saharan-style Viana Desert and long, empty beaches like Santa Mónica.
- Taste cachupaTry the national stew of corn, beans and fish or meat, often fried up for breakfast the next morning.
- Dance at Mindelo CarnivalJoin the colourful parades that turn São Vicente into a party island before Lent.
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#Mauritania#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Cabo Verde
- SalEastern islands · beaches & windHome to the main international airport, Santa Maria's resort beaches and world-class kitesurfing.
- 📍Boa VistaEastern islands · dunesVast white beaches, desert landscapes and an important turtle nesting site.
- Santo AntãoNorthern islands · hikingTowering peaks, terraced valleys and some of the best trekking in the Atlantic.
- 📍Mindelo (São Vicente)Northern islands · cultureThe cultural capital with colonial buildings, live music and a famous carnival.
- FogoSouthern islands · volcanoA single towering volcano with a lived-in crater and black-sand beaches.
- 📍Praia and Cidade Velha (Santiago)Southern islands · capital & heritageThe bustling capital plus the nearby UNESCO-listed first colonial town.
- 📍TarrafalSantiago · beach townA relaxed fishing town with one of the island's prettiest sandy bays.
- 📍BravaSouthern islands · flowers & quietThe smallest inhabited island, green, misty and reached by boat from Fogo.
- Hike the green valleys of Santo Antão
- Climb Pico do Fogo volcano
- Kitesurf or windsurf off Sal
- Listen to live morna in Mindelo
- Cachupa – slow-cooked stew of corn, beans and meat or fish
- Pastel – fried pastry often filled with tuna
- Grilled fresh fish – caught daily around the islands
- Queijo de cabra – local goat's cheese
Best time to visit Cabo Verde
Cabo Verde has a warm, dry tropical climate cooled by trade winds, with little temperature change through the year. The flat eastern islands are arid and sunny, while mountainous Santo Antão, Santiago and Fogo catch more rain and cloud.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Praia (approximate averages).
- February or MarchMindelo CarnivalElaborate costumes and floats fill São Vicente's streets in the islands' biggest party.
- AugustBaía das Gatas FestivalA free music festival on a beach near Mindelo held around the full moon.
- AprilKriol Jazz FestivalPraia hosts musicians from Africa, the Atlantic islands and the diaspora.
- Late April to early MayFesta de São Filipe (Bandeiras)Fogo's main festival brings horse races, drumming and flag ceremonies.
- JulyIndependence DayCelebrations on 5 July mark independence from Portugal.
How many days in Cabo Verde?
Days 1-3 relax on Sal's beaches, kitesurf and float at Pedra de Lume. Days 4-6 fly to São Vicente for Mindelo's music and day-hike Santo Antão by ferry.
Days 1-3 Santiago for Praia, Cidade Velha and Tarrafal. Days 4-5 Fogo to climb the volcano. Days 6-9 São Vicente and Santo Antão for music and hiking, then days 10-12 unwind on Sal or Boa Vista.
Backpacker budget: about $40–60 a day
- Shared minibuses called aluguers run between towns on every island and are far cheaper than taxis.
- Ferries link some islands cheaply but schedules change and seas can be rough; domestic flights are faster but book early.
- Mindelo and Ponta do Sol on Santo Antão have the best guesthouses for budget travellers.
- Eat the daily prato do dia at local cafés for a filling, cheap lunch.
- Allow buffer days for ferry cancellations before your international flight.
Stay safe
- Cabo Verde is generally safe, but petty theft occurs in Praia and Mindelo – avoid walking alone at night in quiet areas.
- Strong currents affect many beaches; swim only where locals do or where there are lifeguards.
- Hike Santo Antão and Fogo with sturdy shoes and water, and hire a guide for the volcano.
- Use registered taxis and agree on the fare before setting off.
Money
- The Cape Verdean escudo is pegged to the euro; euros are accepted in tourist areas, but change is given in escudos.
- ATMs are common in main towns; carry cash for smaller islands and villages.
- Tipping is not obligatory, but around 10% in restaurants is appreciated.
Emergency: 132 police · 131 fire · 130 ambulance
International flights arrive mainly at Sal, Boa Vista, Praia (Santiago) and São Vicente; there are no land borders, and inter-island travel is by domestic flights and ferries.
✈️ Cheap flights to Cabo Verde: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Cabo Verde was uninhabited until the Portuguese arrived in the 15th century.
- More Cape Verdeans live abroad than in the islands themselves.
- Fogo's volcano last erupted in 2014, engulfing parts of the crater villages.
- Cesária Évora was nicknamed 'the barefoot diva' because she performed without shoes.
- Dust blown from the Sahara creates a seasonal haze called bruma seca.
Cabo Verde travel questions
Is Cabo Verde safe for tourists?
Yes, Cabo Verde is one of the safer destinations in Africa. Take normal precautions against petty theft in cities and respect strong ocean currents.
When is the best time to visit Cabo Verde?
November to June offers dry, sunny weather and reliable winds. August to October can bring humidity and occasional storms.
How many days do you need in Cabo Verde?
A week suits a beach holiday plus one other island. Two weeks allows proper island-hopping including Santo Antão and Fogo.
Do I need a visa for Cabo Verde?
It depends on your passport, and some visitors must pre-register online before arrival. Check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
What language is spoken in Cabo Verde?
Portuguese is the official language and Kriolu is spoken daily. English and French are common in tourist areas.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Short domestic flights and ferries link the islands. On each island, travelers use shared minibuses called aluguers or taxis.
- Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário – Oldest colonial church in the tropics, in Cidade Velha
- Greet with a handshake or 'Bom dia'
- Island life is relaxed – be patient with timing
- Dress modestly away from the beach
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