The story of Gambia
The Gambia follows the winding course of the River Gambia into the heart of West Africa, and people have lived along its banks for millennia. Upriver, the Wassu and Kerbatch stone circles – part of the UNESCO-listed Senegambian Stone Circles – were raised over many centuries as burial monuments. In medieval times the region fell within the sphere of the Ghana and then Mali empires, and Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Jola and Serahule peoples established kingdoms along the river.
Portuguese sailors reached the river in the 1450s, and over the following centuries Europeans competed for its trade. The Baltic Duchy of Courland and then the British held the small island now called Kunta Kinteh Island, which became a key post in the Atlantic slave trade. After Britain outlawed the slave trade in 1807, it founded Bathurst – today's Banjul – in 1816 at the river mouth to suppress it, and gradually extended control along the river, creating the long, narrow shape of the modern country surrounded by French-ruled Senegal.
Read the full history
The Gambia gained independence on 18 February 1965 under Dawda Jawara and became a republic in 1970. From 1982 to 1989 it formed a loose confederation with Senegal. A military takeover in 1994 began more than two decades of rule by Yahya Jammeh, which ended after the 2016 election brought Adama Barrow to power and a peaceful transition in early 2017.
Alex Haley's novel 'Roots' traced his ancestry to the village of Juffureh, drawing visitors with a personal interest in the history of the slave trade. Today the 'Smiling Coast of Africa' is known for its relaxed beaches, superb birdwatching, river journeys and warm hospitality, with Mandinka drumming, wrestling and colourful markets offering an easy introduction to West African culture.
Timeline
- c. 3rd century BC-16th century ADSenegambian stone circles raised along the river
- 1455Portuguese explorers reach the River Gambia
- 1651Courland establishes a fort on the island now called Kunta Kinteh Island
- 1816British found Bathurst (Banjul)
- 1965Independence on 18 February
- 1970The Gambia becomes a republic
- 1982-1989Senegambia Confederation with Senegal
- 2017Peaceful transfer of power after the 2016 election
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- ECOWAS – ECOWAS member – West African citizens can usually travel within the bloc.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Gambia (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Gambia appears below as soon as publishers report it.
🛰️ The agents haven't spotted fresh news about Gambia in the last few days – here is the travel guide, plus the latest from nearby countries.
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Things to do in Gambia
- Cruise the riverTake a multi-day boat trip upriver past mangroves, hippos and the chimpanzees of the Baboon Islands.
- Visit Kunta Kinteh IslandExplore the fort ruins and nearby Juffureh to learn about the transatlantic slave trade.
- Go birdwatchingSpot kingfishers, bee-eaters and raptors at Abuko, Tanji and Kotu, where hundreds of species are recorded.
- Watch the Tanji fish landingSee colourful pirogues haul in the catch at one of the coast's busiest fishing beaches.
- Meet the crocodiles of KachikallyVisit Bakau's sacred crocodile pool, revered for its fertility blessings.
- Paddle MakasutuGlide through mangrove creeks by dugout canoe in a forest reserve near Brikama.
- See the Wassu stone circlesWalk among ancient megaliths in the Central River Region.
- Relax on the beachLounge on sandy shores from Kololi and Cape Point to the quieter southern coast at Kartong.
- Taste domodaTry rice with peanut stew, benachin or yassa chicken at a local chop shop.
- Explore Banjul's Albert MarketHaggle for fabrics, spices and crafts in the capital's bustling market.
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#Mauritania#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Gambia
- 📍Kololi and the Senegambia StripAtlantic coast · resortsThe main tourist hub with beaches, restaurants and nightlife.
- BanjulRiver mouth · capitalA small, historic capital with Albert Market and the Arch 22 monument.
- 📍Kunta Kinteh Island and JuffurehNorth Bank · heritageUNESCO-listed sites central to the story of the slave trade.
- Abuko Nature ReserveWestern Region · forestA pocket of gallery forest with monkeys, crocodiles and excellent birdlife.
- 📍River Gambia National ParkCentral River Region · chimpanzeesIslands where rehabilitated chimpanzees live, viewed from a boat.
- JanjanburehCentral River Region · river townA historic island town and base for exploring upriver wildlife and stone circles.
- 📍Tanji and KartongSouthern coast · fishing villagesLively fish markets, lagoons and quieter beaches near the Senegal border.
- 📍Makasutu Culture ForestWestern Region · mangrovesPalm groves, creeks and cultural performances in a protected forest.
- Go birdwatching along the Gambia River
- Take a boat trip to Kunta Kinteh Island
- See the sacred crocodiles at Kachikally
- Watch fishing boats land at Tanji beach
- Domoda – peanut stew with meat and rice
- Benachin – one-pot rice with fish or meat
- Yassa – chicken or fish in lemon and onion sauce
- Superkanja – okra stew with fish
Best time to visit Gambia
The Gambia has a tropical climate with a long dry season and a short, intense wet season. The coast is cooled by ocean breezes, while inland areas upriver can be very hot before the rains.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Banjul (approximate averages).
- FebruaryIndependence DayParades and celebrations mark independence on 18 February.
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Tobaski (Eid al-Adha)The most important family festival, with prayers, feasting and new clothes.
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Koriteh (Eid al-Fitr)The end of Ramadan is celebrated with mosque prayers and visits to relatives.
- VariesInternational Roots FestivalA cultural festival held periodically, celebrating heritage and the African diaspora's connection to The Gambia.
How many days in Gambia?
Days 1-2 relax in Kololi and visit Kachikally and Abuko. Day 3 see the Tanji fish landing and Makasutu. Days 4-5 cross to the north bank for Kunta Kinteh Island and Juffureh.
Days 1-3 explore the coast, Banjul and the birding sites. Days 4-7 travel upriver to Janjanbureh, the chimpanzee islands and the Wassu stone circles. Days 8-10 return to the quieter southern coast at Kartong to unwind.
Backpacker budget: about $30–50 a day
- Shared 'gele-gele' minibuses and bush taxis are the cheapest way to get around, leaving when full.
- Yellow-and-green tourist taxis cost more than local town taxis – flag down a shared one where possible.
- Budget lodges cluster in Kololi, Kotu and Sanyang, while Kartong and Janjanbureh have eco-camps.
- Eat at local chop shops for filling rice dishes at a fraction of resort prices.
- Travel in the green season for discounted rooms and fewer crowds if you can handle the rain.
Stay safe
- The Gambia is generally safe, but be firm and polite with 'bumsters' who offer unsolicited guiding on beaches.
- Watch for strong currents and only swim where locals do.
- Take malaria precautions and follow medical advice on vaccinations.
- Avoid walking alone on dark beaches at night and keep valuables out of sight.
Money
- The currency is the Gambian dalasi; cash is king outside the resort areas.
- ATMs are found in the coastal towns but may not accept all foreign cards, so bring backup cash.
- Tipping around 10% is appreciated in restaurants, and small tips are customary for guides.
Emergency: 117 police · 116 ambulance · 118 fire
Banjul International Airport at Yundum receives flights from Europe and West Africa; land borders connect with Senegal, including the route via the Senegambia Bridge, and ferries cross the river between Banjul and Barra.
✈️ Cheap flights to Gambia: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa.
- It is almost entirely surrounded by Senegal, apart from its short Atlantic coastline.
- Its borders roughly follow the course of the River Gambia, giving it a long, thin shape.
- Over 500 bird species have been recorded in this small country.
- The capital, Banjul, sits on an island at the mouth of the river.
Gambia travel questions
Is The Gambia safe for tourists?
The Gambia is generally safe and welcoming. Expect persistent hustlers in tourist areas and take normal precautions with valuables.
When is the best time to visit The Gambia?
November to February is the most comfortable time, with dry, sunny weather. The rainy season runs from roughly July to September.
How many days do you need in The Gambia?
A week suits a beach holiday with day trips. Ten days or more allows a journey upriver to see chimpanzees and stone circles.
Do I need a visa for The Gambia?
It depends on your passport. Check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
What language is spoken in The Gambia?
English is the official language, and Mandinka, Wolof and Fula are widely spoken. Getting around is by taxi, minibus or ferry.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Taxis and shared bush taxis run along the coast and inland. Ferries and a bridge cross the Gambia River.
- Kachikally Crocodile Pool – Sacred pool in Bakau linked to fertility blessings
- Take time for greetings
- Dress modestly away from the beach
- Ask before photographing people
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