The story of Costa Rica
Long before it became a byword for rainforests and eco-lodges, Costa Rica was a crossroads of Indigenous cultures linking Mesoamerica to the north and the Andean world to the south. Chiefdoms such as the Chorotega in Guanacaste and peoples of the Diquís delta built villages, traded gold and jade, and left behind mysterious stone spheres, some weighing several tonnes. At Guayabo, near Turrialba, the remains of an ancient town with paved causeways and aqueducts can still be explored.
Christopher Columbus landed on the Caribbean coast in 1502, and Spanish settlement followed over the next decades, with Cartago founded as the colonial capital in 1563. Lacking the gold and large labour forces of Mexico or Peru, Costa Rica remained a poor, remote corner of the Spanish Empire, where many settlers worked their own small farms. This modest beginning is often credited with fostering an independent, egalitarian spirit.
Read the full history
Costa Rica gained independence from Spain in 1821 alongside the rest of Central America and became a fully separate republic in the following decades. Coffee exports in the nineteenth century brought prosperity and funded grand buildings such as the National Theatre in San José, while banana plantations and a railway transformed the Caribbean coast. After a brief civil conflict in 1948, the country made the remarkable decision to abolish its army, investing instead in education and health care.
In recent decades Costa Rica has become a global pioneer of ecotourism, protecting roughly a quarter of its territory in parks and reserves and generating most of its electricity from renewable sources. For visitors, that means easy access to volcanoes, cloud forests and wildlife-rich coasts, along with a stable, friendly culture summed up in the national motto, pura vida.
Timeline
- c. 1000 BCSettlement begins at Guayabo
- c. 500 ADDiquís peoples craft giant stone spheres
- 1502Columbus reaches the Caribbean coast
- 1563Cartago founded as colonial capital
- 1821Independence from Spain
- 1897National Theatre opens in San José
- 1948Army abolished after a brief civil war
- 1987President Óscar Arias awarded Nobel Peace Prize
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Costa Rica (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Costa Rica appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Costa Rica
- Hike near Arenal VolcanoWalk old lava trails beneath the perfect cone of Arenal, then soak in steaming hot springs.
- Cross Monteverde's hanging bridgesStroll through misty cloud forest canopy looking out for quetzals and hummingbirds.
- Spot sloths in Manuel AntonioCombine beaches and wildlife in a compact park where monkeys and sloths are common.
- Watch turtles nest in TortugueroJoin a guided night tour to see sea turtles laying eggs on the Caribbean sand.
- Learn to surfCatch your first wave at Tamarindo, Santa Teresa or Nosara on the Pacific coast.
- Zipline through the canopyFly over forested valleys on one of the many ziplines that Costa Rica helped make famous.
- Explore CorcovadoTrek through one of the most biodiverse places on earth with a guide, spotting tapirs and scarlet macaws.
- Swim at Río CelesteHike to a waterfall with impossibly sky-blue water in Tenorio Volcano National Park.
- Raft the Pacuare RiverRide whitewater rapids through a jungle canyon on one of the world's most scenic rafting runs.
- Eat at a sodaFill up on gallo pinto and a casado at a family-run café for a true taste of local life.
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Where to go in Costa Rica
- 📍ArenalNorth · volcano & hot springsA dramatic volcano, a lake, waterfalls and thermal pools, plus plenty of adventure activities.
- MonteverdeCentral highlands · cloud forestCool, misty reserves full of orchids, birds and hanging bridges.
- 📍Manuel AntonioCentral Pacific · national parkGorgeous beaches framed by rainforest and easy wildlife viewing.
- 📍TortugueroCaribbean · canalsA roadless village reached by boat, famous for turtle nesting and jungle waterways.
- Corcovado National ParkOsa Peninsula · rainforestWild, remote rainforest considered a crown jewel of biodiversity.
- 📍Puerto ViejoSouth Caribbean · beach townLaid-back Afro-Caribbean culture, reggae, cycling and lovely beaches.
- 📍Santa TeresaNicoya Peninsula · surfA bohemian surf town with consistent waves, yoga and stunning sunsets.
- 📍Río CelesteNorth · waterfallA turquoise river and waterfall coloured by a natural mineral reaction.
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- Zipline above the cloud forest in Monteverde
- Soak in natural hot springs near Arenal Volcano
- Watch sea turtles nest at Tortuguero
- Spot sloths, toucans and monkeys on a guided wildlife walk
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- Gallo pinto – rice and beans, often eaten for breakfast
- Casado – plate of rice, beans, salad, plantain and meat or fish
- Olla de carne – hearty beef and vegetable soup
- Chifrijo – rice, beans, fried pork and pico de gallo in a bowl
Best time to visit Costa Rica
Costa Rica is tropical with dry and wet seasons that vary by coast. The Pacific side follows a clear dry season from December to April, while the Caribbean is wetter year-round but often drier when the Pacific is rainy.
Typical daytime highs and rain in San José (approximate averages).
- JanuaryFiestas de PalmaresA huge country fair with bullfighting in the local style, concerts, parades and carnival rides.
- MarchDía de los BoyerosBrightly painted oxcarts parade through Escazú in honour of rural traditions.
- 25 JulyAnnexation of Guanacaste DayFolk dances, music and rodeos celebrate Guanacaste's joining Costa Rica in 1824.
- OctoberLimón CarnivalColourful Caribbean parades, calypso music and food fill the streets of Limón.
- DecemberFestival de la LuzSan José's festival of lights with illuminated floats and fireworks.
How many days in Costa Rica?
Day 1-3 head from San José to Arenal for the volcano, hot springs and waterfalls. Day 4-5 continue to Monteverde for cloud forest walks. Day 6-7 finish at Manuel Antonio for beaches and wildlife.
Day 1-3 explore Tortuguero's canals and turtle beaches. Day 4-6 travel to Arenal and Río Celeste. Day 7-8 Monteverde. Day 9-11 surf and relax in Santa Teresa. Day 12-14 Manuel Antonio or the Osa Peninsula for Corcovado.
Backpacker budget: about $50–80 a day
- Costa Rica is pricier than its neighbours, so stay in hostels in places like Puerto Viejo, La Fortuna and Santa Teresa that have kitchens.
- Public buses are cheap and reach almost every town; they are far cheaper than tourist shuttles.
- Eat at local sodas where a casado plate offers a filling meal at a fraction of tourist-restaurant prices.
- Many beaches and some trails are free, and you can often spot wildlife outside paid parks.
- Travel in the green season for lower prices and fewer crowds.
Stay safe
- Costa Rica is one of Central America's safest countries, but petty theft is common – never leave bags in cars or unattended on beaches.
- Swim only on beaches known to be safe, as rip currents are strong on many Pacific shores.
- Hire certified guides for remote parks like Corcovado and for adventure activities.
- Use registered red taxis or reputable ride apps, especially at night in San José.
Money
- The currency is the colón, but US dollars are widely accepted in tourist areas.
- Cards are accepted in most hotels and restaurants; ATMs are common in towns but scarce in remote areas.
- A service charge is normally included in restaurant bills, so extra tipping is optional; tip guides for good service.
Emergency: 911 police, fire & ambulance
Juan Santamaría International Airport near San José and Guanacaste Airport in Liberia handle most international flights. Land borders connect to Nicaragua at Peñas Blancas and to Panama at Paso Canoas and Sixaola.
✈️ Cheap flights to Costa Rica: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Costa Rica abolished its army in 1948 and has no standing military.
- The country holds around five percent of the world's biodiversity despite its small size.
- Most of its electricity comes from renewable sources such as hydro, geothermal and wind.
- The Diquís stone spheres are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- The traditional painted oxcart is a national symbol and UNESCO-recognised cultural heritage.
Costa Rica travel questions
Is Costa Rica safe for tourists?
Costa Rica is generally safe and welcomes millions of visitors. Petty theft is the main concern, so keep valuables out of sight and never leave belongings in rental cars.
What is the best time to visit Costa Rica?
December to April is the dry season and the most popular time. The green season from May to November brings rain but lush landscapes and lower prices.
How many days do you need in Costa Rica?
A week covers Arenal, Monteverde and one beach. Two weeks lets you reach both coasts or remote parks like Corcovado.
Do I need a visa for Costa Rica?
It depends on your passport – check the official Costa Rican immigration site or your nearest embassy before you travel.
Is Costa Rica expensive?
It is one of the pricier countries in Central America. Using buses, eating at sodas and staying in hostels keeps costs manageable.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Cheap public buses reach most towns, and shared tourist shuttles link the main destinations. A 4x4 rental helps on rough rural roads, and small planes save time.
- Basilica of Our Lady of the Angels, Cartago – Home of 'La Negrita', Costa Rica's patron saint, and a huge yearly pilgrimage
- Say 'pura vida' – it means hello, thanks and 'all good'
- Never feed wild animals
- Expect a relaxed pace and be patient
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