The story of Senegal
Senegal's history reaches deep into the past. Along the Gambia River valley, more than a thousand standing stone circles, many raised between roughly the 3rd century BC and the 16th century AD, mark ancient burial grounds. In the early medieval period the kingdom of Takrur flourished along the Senegal River and was among the first in West Africa to embrace Islam. The region later fell within the orbit of the great empires of Ghana and Mali, and from the 14th century the Jolof Empire united Wolof states before breaking into rival kingdoms such as Kayor, Waalo, Baol and Sine.
Portuguese sailors reached the coast in the mid-15th century, followed by the Dutch, English and French. Gorée Island, off present-day Dakar, became a trading post during the Atlantic slave trade and is now a place of remembrance. The French founded Saint-Louis in 1659, and over the 19th century they conquered the interior, facing resistance from leaders such as Lat Dior. Senegal became the heart of French West Africa, and residents of its Four Communes gained rights of French citizenship, sending Blaise Diagne to the French parliament in 1914.
Read the full history
Senegal became independent in 1960, at first briefly federated with Mali, under poet-president Léopold Sédar Senghor, a founder of the Négritude movement. It has been known for relatively stable democratic politics and peaceful transfers of power. Sufi brotherhoods such as the Mourides, founded by Cheikh Amadou Bamba, play a central role in religious and social life, and a long-running separatist dispute in Casamance has largely calmed in recent years.
For travellers, Senegal's past is visible everywhere: the colonial streets of Saint-Louis, the poignant House of Slaves on Gorée, the great mosque of Touba, and ancient stone circles. Add the famous teranga hospitality, mbalax music and thieboudienne, and it is one of West Africa's most welcoming destinations.
Timeline
- c. 3rd century BCConstruction of the Senegambian stone circles begins
- 11th centuryThe kingdom of Takrur adopts Islam
- 14th centuryThe Jolof Empire unites Wolof states
- 1444Portuguese sailors reach the Senegalese coast
- 1659The French found Saint-Louis
- 1902Dakar becomes the capital of French West Africa
- 1960Independence under Léopold Sédar Senghor
- 2000A peaceful change of president through elections
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- ECOWAS – ECOWAS member – West African citizens can usually travel within the bloc.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Senegal (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Senegal appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Senegal
- Visit Gorée IslandTake the ferry to a car-free island of pastel houses and the House of Slaves memorial.
- Explore Saint-LouisRide a horse-drawn carriage through colonial streets on a UNESCO-listed river island.
- See Lac RoseWatch salt collectors at work on Lake Retba, which can turn pink in the dry season.
- Paddle the Sine-Saloum DeltaExplore mangroves, shell islands and fishing villages by pirogue.
- Dance to mbalaxCatch a live music night in Dakar and dance to Senegal's signature sound.
- Watch birds at DjoudjSee pelicans and flamingos at one of the world's major bird sanctuaries.
- Relax in CasamanceUnwind on palm-lined beaches and visit Diola villages in the green south.
- Surf in DakarCatch waves at N'Gor and Ouakam, where Africa's westernmost point meets the Atlantic.
- Eat thieboudienneTry the national dish of fish, rice and vegetables in a rich tomato sauce.
- Watch Senegalese wrestlingExperience the drumming and rituals of laamb, the country's hugely popular sport.
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#Mauritania#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Senegal
- 📍DakarCap-Vert · capitalA vibrant capital with markets, music, beaches and the African Renaissance Monument.
- Gorée IslandOff Dakar · historyA UNESCO-listed island and important memorial to the Atlantic slave trade.
- Saint-LouisNorth · colonial cityThe former capital, with colonial architecture and a lively fishing district.
- Sine-Saloum DeltaCentre-west · mangrovesA peaceful world of waterways, birds and island villages.
- 📍CasamanceSouth · beaches & cultureA lush region with beaches at Cap Skirring and traditional Diola culture.
- 📍Lac Rose (Lake Retba)Near Dakar · salt lakeA salt lake famous for its pink hue and salt harvesters.
- 📍Djoudj National Bird SanctuaryNorth · wetlandsA key wintering site for millions of migratory birds.
- 📍Niokolo-Koba National ParkSouth-east · wildlifeA large park with savannah and gallery forest along the Gambia River.
- Hear live mbalax music in Dakar
- Take a ferry to Gorée Island
- Explore Sine-Saloum by pirogue
- Watch a traditional Senegalese wrestling match
- Thieboudienne – the national dish of fish and rice
- Yassa – chicken or fish with onions and lemon
- Mafé – stew in rich peanut sauce
- Bissap – sweet hibiscus juice
Best time to visit Senegal
Senegal has a tropical climate with a dry season from November to May and a rainy season from July to October. The coast around Dakar is cooled by ocean breezes, while the interior is much hotter.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Dakar (approximate averages).
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Grand Magal of ToubaA huge pilgrimage to Touba commemorating the exile of Cheikh Amadou Bamba.
- May-JuneSaint-Louis Jazz FestivalOne of Africa's leading jazz festivals, held in the historic city of Saint-Louis.
- May-June (even years)Dak'Art BiennaleA major contemporary African art exhibition across Dakar.
- Varies (Islamic calendar)TabaskiThe Senegalese name for Eid al-Adha, the year's biggest family celebration.
How many days in Senegal?
Days 1-2 explore Dakar and Gorée Island. Day 3 visit Lac Rose. Days 4-5 head to the Sine-Saloum Delta for a pirogue trip.
Days 1-3 Dakar, Gorée and Lac Rose. Days 4-5 visit Saint-Louis and Djoudj, then Days 6-7 the Sine-Saloum Delta. Finish with Days 8-10 in Casamance.
Backpacker budget: about $30–50 a day
- Sept-place shared taxis and minibuses are cheap ways to travel between towns.
- Dakar's N'Gor and Yoff neighbourhoods have relaxed guesthouses near the surf.
- Eat at local restaurants for thieboudienne, yassa and mafé at a fraction of tourist prices.
- Campements in Sine-Saloum and Casamance offer simple, affordable stays.
- Haggling is expected in markets, so start low and keep it friendly.
Stay safe
- Senegal is one of the safer countries in West Africa; watch for pickpockets and persistent hustlers in Dakar.
- Ocean currents can be very strong, so swim only at supervised beaches.
- Take precautions against malaria and seek medical advice before travel.
- Check your government's latest travel advice for border regions, including parts of Casamance.
Money
- The currency is the West African CFA franc; euros are easily exchanged.
- ATMs are widely available in cities, but carry cash in rural areas.
- Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory - leaving a small amount for good service is common.
Emergency: 17 police · 18 fire
Blaise Diagne International Airport near Dakar is the main gateway. Land borders connect with Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and The Gambia.
✈️ Cheap flights to Senegal: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Dakar's Pointe des Almadies is the westernmost point of mainland Africa.
- The African Renaissance Monument in Dakar is taller than the Statue of Liberty.
- Senegal almost entirely surrounds The Gambia.
- Senegal's first president was a celebrated poet and member of the Académie française.
- Lac Rose was long the finishing point of the Paris-Dakar Rally.
Senegal travel questions
Is Senegal safe for tourists?
Senegal is considered one of the safest countries in West Africa. Petty crime and hustlers are the main issues in Dakar, so stay alert and keep valuables secure.
What is the best time to visit Senegal?
November to March is the dry season and the most comfortable time to travel. The rainy season from July to October can make some roads difficult.
How many days do you need in Senegal?
Five days covers Dakar, Gorée and Lac Rose. Ten days or more lets you add Saint-Louis, the Sine-Saloum Delta and Casamance.
What language is spoken in Senegal?
French is the official language, and Wolof is the most widely spoken. Other languages include Pulaar, Serer and Diola.
Do I need a visa for Senegal?
It depends on your passport. Check the official Senegal government website or your nearest embassy before you travel.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Shared sept-place taxis and buses link the towns, and a fast train connects central Dakar with its suburbs. Ferries reach Gorée and the Casamance.
- Great Mosque of Touba – Huge mosque and heart of the yearly Grand Magal pilgrimage
- Mosque of the Divinity – White seaside mosque on the cliffs of Ouakam, Dakar
- Take time for greetings and ask after family
- Dress modestly, especially in religious towns
- Eat with your right hand when sharing a communal dish
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