The story of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe's earliest inhabitants were San hunter-gatherers, whose thousands of rock paintings still decorate granite shelters in places such as the Matobo Hills. From the first millennium AD, Bantu-speaking farmers and metalworkers settled the high plateau between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. Around the eleventh to fifteenth centuries, Shona ancestors built the city of Great Zimbabwe, whose massive dry-stone walls and conical tower made it the capital of a wealthy state trading gold and ivory with Swahili ports on the Indian Ocean coast, and from there with places as far away as Persia and China.
After Great Zimbabwe declined, power shifted to successor states such as the Mutapa kingdom in the north and the Rozvi and Torwa states in the southwest, which dealt with Portuguese traders from the sixteenth century. In the 1830s the Ndebele, led by Mzilikazi, migrated north from southern Africa and established a kingdom centred on Bulawayo. In the 1890s Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company occupied the territory, which was named Rhodesia, and uprisings by the Ndebele and Shona in 1896-97 were suppressed. Settlers took much of the best farmland, a grievance that shaped the century to come.
Read the full history
In 1965 the white-minority government of Southern Rhodesia under Ian Smith declared independence unilaterally from Britain, sparking international sanctions and a long liberation war. A negotiated settlement led to majority-rule elections, and Zimbabwe became independent in 1980 with Robert Mugabe as its leader. The following decades brought land reform, economic crises and periods of hyperinflation. Mugabe left office in 2017 after 37 years, and the country continues to work toward economic recovery.
For visitors, Zimbabwe is a land of remarkable natural and cultural treasures: the thundering Victoria Falls, the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, the balancing granite boulders of the Matobo Hills and superb wilderness parks such as Hwange and Mana Pools. Its guides are among the most highly trained in Africa, and Zimbabweans are famed for their warmth, stone sculpture and music.
Timeline
- c. 1100-1450Great Zimbabwe flourishes as a trading capital
- c. 1450Rise of the Mutapa kingdom
- 1830sNdebele kingdom founded under Mzilikazi
- 1890British South Africa Company occupies the territory
- 1896-97First Chimurenga uprisings
- 1965Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence
- 1980Independence as Zimbabwe
- 2017Robert Mugabe leaves office
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Zimbabwe (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Zimbabwe appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Zimbabwe
- Victoria Falls panoramaFollow the rainforest path for sweeping views of the falls' full curtain of water from the Zimbabwean side.
- Great ZimbabweWalk among the soaring stone walls and Great Enclosure of the medieval city that gave the nation its name.
- Canoe in Mana PoolsPaddle the Zambezi past elephants and hippos in one of Africa's most beautiful wilderness parks.
- Hwange elephantsWatch herds of elephants gather at waterholes in the country's largest national park.
- Matobo HillsTrack rhinos on foot and see ancient San rock paintings among towering balancing boulders.
- Zambezi sunset cruiseDrift upstream from the falls as the sky glows orange and hippos surface beside the boat.
- Eastern Highlands hikingClimb into cool, misty mountains of pine forests, waterfalls and tea estates around Nyanga and Chimanimani.
- Lake Kariba houseboatSpend lazy days fishing and watching wildlife on the shores of the vast lake.
- Shona stone sculptureBrowse world-renowned serpentine sculptures at galleries and artists' communities.
- Taste sadzaTry the maize staple with stews, greens or grilled meat at a local eatery.
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Exercise normal precautionSummary not available
#Zimbabwe#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Zimbabwe
- Victoria FallsMatabeleland North · falls & adventureThe town and national park offer the best panoramic views of the falls plus rafting, bungee and gorge swings.
- Hwange National ParkNorthwest · safariZimbabwe's largest park, famous for huge elephant herds and big cats.
- Mana Pools National ParkNorth · Zambezi wildernessA UNESCO-listed floodplain where guided walks and canoe safaris bring you close to wildlife.
- Great ZimbabweMasvingo · ruinsThe largest ancient stone structures in sub-Saharan Africa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Matobo National ParkNear Bulawayo · hills & rock artBalancing granite kopjes, rhino tracking and some of Africa's richest rock art.
- Lake KaribaNorth · lakeA huge lake with houseboats, fishing and wildlife-rich shores including Matusadona National Park.
- 📍Eastern HighlandsManicaland · mountainsCool, green mountains around Nyanga, Bvumba and Chimanimani, ideal for hiking.
- 📍HarareCapital · cityJacaranda-lined avenues, galleries, markets and the National Gallery of Zimbabwe.
- Walk the rainforest trail at Victoria Falls
- Track rhinos on foot in Matobo
- Stay on a houseboat on Lake Kariba
- Explore the walls of Great Zimbabwe
- Sadza – stiff maize porridge with stew
- Nyama – grilled or stewed meat
- Muriwo une dovi – greens in peanut butter sauce
- Mopane worms – a traditional crunchy snack
Best time to visit Zimbabwe
Thanks to its high plateau, Zimbabwe has a pleasant climate with warm days, cool winter nights from June to August and a hot spell before the rains. Low-lying areas like the Zambezi Valley and Victoria Falls are considerably hotter.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Harare (approximate averages).
- April-MayHarare International Festival of the ArtsA major celebration of music, theatre, dance and visual arts in the capital.
- AprilIndependence DayZimbabwe marks its 1980 independence on 18 April with celebrations nationwide.
- DecemberVictoria Falls CarnivalA music festival and New Year's Eve party held in the town of Victoria Falls.
- AugustHeroes' DayA national holiday honouring those who fought in the liberation struggle.
How many days in Zimbabwe?
Day 1-2 explore Victoria Falls with a sunset cruise and adventure activities. Day 3-5 head to Hwange National Park for game drives among elephants and lions.
Day 1-2 Victoria Falls. Day 3-5 Hwange safari. Day 6-7 Bulawayo and the Matobo Hills for rhino tracking and rock art. Day 8-10 Great Zimbabwe's ruins, then on to Harare or the Eastern Highlands.
Backpacker budget: about $40–60 a day
- Victoria Falls town has backpacker lodges and campsites, plus easy access to the falls on foot.
- Intercity buses connect Harare, Bulawayo, Masvingo and Victoria Falls; choose reputable companies and travel by day.
- Look into the combined visa for Zimbabwe and Zambia if your passport is eligible – check the official rules first.
- Eat sadza with stews at local eateries for some of the cheapest, most filling meals.
- Join group safaris or share vehicles with other travellers to cut the cost of park visits.
Stay safe
- Most visits are trouble-free, but avoid political gatherings and demonstrations, and check your government's latest travel advice.
- Petty crime occurs in cities – avoid walking alone at night and keep valuables discreet.
- Never approach wild animals, even in Victoria Falls town, where elephants and buffalo can wander the streets.
- Take malaria precautions in low-lying areas and avoid driving after dark.
Money
- Zimbabwe uses US dollars widely alongside its own local currency; bring plenty of small US dollar notes in good condition.
- International cards work at many hotels and lodges, but ATMs can be unreliable, so carry enough cash.
- Tipping safari guides and lodge staff is customary, and around 10% in restaurants is appreciated.
Emergency: 995 police · 994 ambulance · 993 fire · 999
Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport in Harare and Victoria Falls International Airport are the main gateways; land borders connect with Zambia, Botswana, South Africa and Mozambique.
✈️ Cheap flights to Zimbabwe: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Zimbabwe's name comes from the Shona words for 'houses of stone', referring to Great Zimbabwe.
- The Zimbabwe Bird, a soapstone carving found at Great Zimbabwe, appears on the national flag.
- Zimbabwe has sixteen official languages, one of the highest numbers in the world.
- Victoria Falls is shared with Zambia and is one of the largest sheets of falling water on Earth.
- Mana Pools is one of the few national parks in Africa where unguided walking has traditionally been permitted.
Zimbabwe travel questions
Is Zimbabwe safe for tourists?
Zimbabwe is generally safe for visitors, especially in tourist areas like Victoria Falls and the national parks. Avoid political gatherings, take normal city precautions and check your government's latest travel advice.
When is the best time to visit Zimbabwe?
May to October is the best time for safaris thanks to dry weather and good wildlife viewing. Victoria Falls is at its fullest around March to May.
How many days do you need in Zimbabwe?
Allow two or three days for Victoria Falls and at least a week to ten days to add Hwange, Matobo and Great Zimbabwe.
Do I need a visa for Zimbabwe?
It depends on your passport – check the official government site or a Zimbabwean embassy before you travel.
What currency should I bring to Zimbabwe?
US dollars are widely used, so bring small notes in good condition. Cards work at many hotels and lodges, but cash is essential for markets and smaller businesses.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses connect Harare, Bulawayo and Victoria Falls, but many visitors use flights, rental cars or safari transfers.
- Greet people politely before asking anything
- Clap hands softly as a sign of thanks in traditional settings
- Ask before photographing people
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