The story of Norway
As the great ice sheets retreated more than ten thousand years ago, hunters and fishers followed the reindeer and the coast into what is now Norway. At Alta, in the far north, they left thousands of rock carvings of elk, boats and hunting scenes, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the north, the Indigenous Sámi developed a distinct culture based on fishing, hunting and later reindeer herding that continues today.
From the late 8th century, Norse seafarers – the Vikings – sailed their sleek longships to raid, trade and settle from the British Isles to Iceland, Greenland and even North America. Harald Fairhair is traditionally credited with first uniting much of Norway in the late 9th century. Christianity took root under kings Olaf Tryggvason and Olaf Haraldsson, who died at the Battle of Stiklestad in 1030 and became Saint Olav, Norway's patron saint. In the Middle Ages, the elegant wooden stave churches were built, and German Hanseatic merchants dominated Bergen's trade from the wharf of Bryggen.
Read the full history
After the Black Death weakened the kingdom, Norway entered the Kalmar Union in 1397 and spent roughly four centuries under Danish rule. In 1814 Norwegians wrote their own constitution at Eidsvoll, signed on 17 May, though the country then entered a union with Sweden. Full independence came peacefully in 1905, with Prince Carl of Denmark crowned as King Haakon VII. Germany occupied Norway from 1940 to 1945, and the discovery of oil in the North Sea in 1969 transformed the country into one of the world's wealthiest, with a vast sovereign fund saved for future generations.
For visitors, history blends with nature: Viking ships and stave churches, the colourful Hanseatic wharf in Bergen, the mining town of Røros, Sámi culture in the Arctic, and the UNESCO-listed West Norwegian fjords, all accessible thanks to the right to roam freely in the countryside.
Timeline
- c. 5000 BCRock carvings created at Alta
- 793Viking Age begins with raids on Britain
- c. 872Harald Fairhair unites much of Norway
- 1030Olaf Haraldsson dies at Stiklestad and becomes Saint Olav
- 1397Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden
- 1814Constitution signed at Eidsvoll on 17 May
- 1905Peaceful independence from union with Sweden
- 1969Oil discovered in the North Sea
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Schengen Area – Part of the Schengen Area – 29 European countries with no passport checks between them. Short visits are usually counted under the 90-days-in-any-180 rule across the whole area.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Schengen Area (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Norway appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Norway
- Cruise the GeirangerfjordSail between sheer cliffs and plunging waterfalls in one of the world's most famous fjords.
- Hike to PreikestolenStand on the flat-topped Pulpit Rock high above the Lysefjord near Stavanger.
- Chase the northern lightsHead out from Tromsø on a clear winter night to watch green auroras dance overhead.
- Ride the Flåm RailwayDescend a steep mountain valley past waterfalls on one of the world's most scenic train journeys.
- Explore LofotenWander red fishing cabins beneath jagged peaks and hike to beaches with Caribbean-coloured water.
- Walk Bryggen in BergenExplore the leaning wooden Hanseatic warehouses along the old harbour.
- See Viking heritage in OsloDiscover Viking history and visit Oslo's striking Opera House and waterfront museums.
- Experience the midnight sunHike or kayak under a sun that never sets during summer in the Arctic north.
- Go dog sleddingRace across snowy plateaus behind a team of eager huskies in northern Norway.
- Take the Hurtigruten coastal routeSail along the dramatic coastline between Bergen and Kirkenes, stopping at remote ports.
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Where to go in Norway
- OsloCapital · cultureA green waterfront capital with the Munch Museum, Vigeland sculpture park and Opera House.
- BergenWestern Norway · gateway to fjordsA colourful harbour city surrounded by mountains and the starting point for many fjord trips.
- GeirangerfjordMøre og Romsdal · fjordA UNESCO-listed fjord with dramatic waterfalls like the Seven Sisters.
- 📍Nærøyfjord & FlåmVestland · fjord & railwayOne of the narrowest fjords in the world, combined with the famous Flåm Railway.
- 📍Lofoten IslandsArctic · islandsSpectacular peaks, fishing villages and beaches above the Arctic Circle.
- TromsøArctic · northern lightsA lively Arctic city and the top base for aurora trips, whale watching and winter adventures.
- 📍Stavanger & LysefjordSouthwest · hikingA charming old town and the gateway to Preikestolen and Kjeragbolten.
- 📍SvalbardHigh Arctic · wildernessA remote archipelago of glaciers and polar bears, far north of the mainland.
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- Cruise through a narrow fjord
- Chase the northern lights near Tromsø
- Hike to Preikestolen or Trolltunga
- Ride the scenic Flåm Railway
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- Brunost – sweet, caramel-like brown cheese
- Fårikål – lamb and cabbage stew
- Laks – fresh or smoked Norwegian salmon
- Skillingsbolle – big cinnamon bun
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Best time to visit Norway
Norway's coast is milder than its latitude suggests thanks to the Gulf Stream, with frequent rain in the west, especially around Bergen. Inland and in the far north, winters are long, cold and snowy, while summers are short and bright.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Oslo (approximate averages).
- May (17th)Constitution Day (Syttende Mai)Children's parades, national costumes and flags fill every town on Norway's national day.
- June (23rd)Midsummer (Sankthans)Bonfires are lit along the coast and fjords to celebrate the longest days of the year.
- May–JuneBergen International FestivalA major festival of music, theatre and dance in Bergen.
- February (6th)Sámi National DaySámi communities celebrate their culture with events, flags and traditional dress.
- MarchHolmenkollen Ski FestivalA classic winter event with ski jumping and cross-country racing at Oslo's famous ski jump.
How many days in Norway?
Day 1-2 explore Oslo's museums, Opera House and waterfront. Day 3 take the scenic train over the mountains and down the Flåm Railway, then cruise the Nærøyfjord. Day 4-5 explore Bergen's Bryggen and ride the funicular for views.
Day 1-2 Oslo, Day 3 train to Flåm, Day 4-5 Bergen. Day 6-7 Geirangerfjord or Stavanger for Preikestolen, then Day 8-10 fly north to the Lofoten Islands or Tromsø for hiking, midnight sun or northern lights depending on the season.
Backpacker budget: about $90–130 a day
- Norway is expensive – use the right to roam (allemannsretten) to camp for free in the countryside, following the rules.
- Book trains and long-distance buses early for cheaper fares.
- Cook your own meals using hostel or cabin kitchens, and shop at discount supermarkets.
- Tap water is excellent everywhere – refill your bottle instead of buying drinks.
- Hitchhiking is relatively common in rural areas and summer, though use your judgement.
Stay safe
- Norway is very safe, but mountain weather changes quickly – check forecasts and tell someone your route.
- Respect avalanche warnings in winter and stay on marked trails.
- Drive carefully on narrow, winding roads and watch for wildlife like moose and reindeer.
- On Svalbard, never leave settlements without a guide due to the risk of polar bears.
Money
- The Norwegian krone is the currency, and Norway is nearly cashless – cards and mobile payments work almost everywhere.
- ATMs exist but are becoming less common; you may not need cash at all.
- Tipping isn't expected, as service is included, though rounding up for good service is appreciated.
Emergency: 112 police · 113 ambulance · 110 fire
Oslo Gardermoen is the main international airport, with others in Bergen, Stavanger and Tromsø. Ferries link Norway with Denmark and Germany, and trains and roads connect with Sweden.
✈️ Cheap flights to Norway: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Norway's 'right to roam' lets anyone hike and camp on most uncultivated land, as long as they respect nature and privacy.
- The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, while the other Nobel prizes are awarded in Stockholm.
- Norway has sent a Christmas tree to London's Trafalgar Square every year since 1947 as a thank-you for wartime support.
- The Svalbard Global Seed Vault stores seeds from around the world deep inside an Arctic mountain.
- The Lærdal Tunnel is one of the longest road tunnels in the world, at over 24 kilometres.
Norway travel questions
Is Norway safe for tourists?
Norway is one of the safest countries in the world. The main risks come from nature, so check weather forecasts and follow local advice when hiking or driving.
When is the best time to visit Norway?
June to August is best for fjords and hiking, with long days and the midnight sun in the north. For northern lights, visit between late September and March.
How many days do you need in Norway?
Five days covers Oslo, Flåm and Bergen, while 10 to 14 days lets you add more fjords and the Arctic north.
Do I need a visa for Norway?
It depends on your passport. Norway is part of the Schengen Area, so check the official Norwegian government site or your nearest embassy before you travel.
Is Norway expensive to travel?
Yes, Norway is one of Europe's most expensive destinations. Camping, cooking your own meals and booking transport early can keep costs down.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Scenic trains run between Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim, with coastal ferries and buses filling the gaps. Domestic flights save time for the far north.
- Nidaros Cathedral – Medieval cathedral and end point of the St Olav pilgrim routes
- Heddal Stave Church – Norway's largest medieval wooden stave church
- Urnes Stave Church – Oldest stave church, a UNESCO site above a fjord
- Everyone can roam in nature, but leave no trace
- Be on time
- Take your shoes off when entering a home
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Tromsø
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