The story of Syria
Syria lies at the heart of the Fertile Crescent, where some of the world's earliest farming villages appeared. Ancient cities such as Ebla, Mari and Ugarit flourished in the Bronze Age; at Ugarit, scribes created one of the earliest alphabets. Damascus and Aleppo both claim to be among the oldest continuously inhabited cities on Earth, and the land was crossed by Akkadians, Hittites, Egyptians, Assyrians and Persians.
Alexander the Great's conquest brought Greek culture, and the Seleucid dynasty founded cities like Antioch and Apamea. Under Rome, Syria became a wealthy province, and the desert city of Palmyra grew rich on caravan trade, its Queen Zenobia famously challenging Roman power in the 3rd century. Christianity spread early, with Saint Paul's conversion linked to the road to Damascus, and the 'Dead Cities' of the north preserve hundreds of Byzantine villages and churches.
Read the full history
Arab Muslim armies arrived in the 630s, and in 661 Damascus became the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, whose Great Mosque remains one of Islam's architectural masterpieces. Crusaders built mighty castles like Krak des Chevaliers, later taken by Mamluk rulers, and the Ottomans governed the region for four centuries from 1516. After the First World War, Syria came under a French mandate and gained independence in 1946. The country has since experienced political upheaval and, from 2011, a prolonged civil conflict that caused enormous damage to communities and heritage.
Syria's cultural legacy remains extraordinary: Damascus's old city and souks, Aleppo's citadel, the ruins of Palmyra, the Roman theatre at Bosra and Krak des Chevaliers are among the world's great historic sites. Travel conditions are highly uncertain and most governments advise against all travel, so anyone considering a visit must check their government's latest official advice first.
Timeline
- c. 2400 BCEbla flourishes as a major kingdom
- c. 1400 BCUgarit scribes use an early alphabet
- 64 BCSyria becomes a Roman province
- c. 270 ADQueen Zenobia of Palmyra challenges Rome
- 661Damascus becomes the Umayyad capital
- 1516Ottoman rule begins
- 1946Independence from French mandate
- 2011Start of the Syrian civil conflict
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Syria (Wikipedia) β
- IATA Travel Centre β passport, visa & health rules β
- U.S. passport holders β State Department country pages β
- UK passport holders β GOV.UK travel advice β
The latest visa and entry news for Syria appears below as soon as publishers report it.
JERUSALEM: The Israeli military said on Monday it seized two people it said were approaching an army outpost in an area of southern Syria it has occupied since the overthrow of president Bashar Assad. βA short while ago, IDFβ¦
#Israel#Syria#Pilgrimage & Spiritual
Syria Follows UAE And More In Rebuilding Tourism And Winning Back Tourists With Aviation Expansion As Middle East Travel Recovery Accelerates Syria is reviving its tourism industry by launching flights amid the growing recoveryβ¦
#Syria#United Arab Emirates
Things to do in Syria
- Visit the Umayyad MosqueStand in the vast courtyard of one of the oldest and grandest mosques in the world.
- Wander Damascus' souksBrowse spices, sweets and textiles in the covered Souq al-Hamidiyya.
- Explore Krak des ChevaliersClimb the walls of one of the best-preserved Crusader castles anywhere.
- See Palmyra's ruinsLearn about the great colonnades and temples of the ancient caravan city.
- Visit Bosra's Roman theatreAdmire one of the best-preserved Roman theatres, built of black basalt.
- Explore Aleppo's citadelDiscover the massive medieval fortress rising above the old city.
- Walk among the Dead CitiesWander abandoned Byzantine villages in the northern hills.
- See the norias of HamaWatch giant wooden water wheels on the Orontes River.
- Taste Syrian sweetsTry baklava, ma'amoul and bouza ice cream.
- Visit MaaloulaExplore a mountain village where Western Aramaic is still spoken.
A study by professor and author Maamoun Abdulkarim reveals how archaeologists rescued 30,000 priceless artifacts from a Syria museum before ISIS captured the city.
#Syria
Do not travel to Syria for any reason due to the risk of terrorism , unrest , kidnapping , hostage taking, crime , and armed conflict. Do not travel to Syria for any reason. The U.S. government suspended U.S. Embassy operationsβ¦
#Syria#United States#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Syria
- DamascusSouthwest Β· capitalOne of the oldest cities in the world with a UNESCO-listed old town.
- AleppoNorth Β· historic cityA city famed for its citadel, souks and long history.
- PalmyraDesert Β· ancient cityA UNESCO-listed caravan city in the Syrian desert.
- Krak des ChevaliersWest Β· Crusader castleA huge Crusader fortress overlooking the Homs Gap.
- BosraSouth Β· Roman cityA basalt city with a remarkable Roman theatre.
- HamaCentre Β· water wheelsKnown for its historic norias on the Orontes River.
- MaaloulaQalamoun Mountains Β· villageA historic Christian village carved into cliffs.
- πLatakiaCoast Β· MediterraneanA coastal city near the ancient site of Ugarit.
A 5th-century Christian heritage site has reopened to visitors in Aleppo, Syria, after rehabilitation, restoration, and clearing the remnants of war. Syriaβs Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums officially reopened theβ¦
#Syria#Earthquakes#Inspiring & Scenic
- Wander the Straight Street and souqs of old Damascus
- Explore the halls and towers of Krak des Chevaliers
- Drink tea in a traditional courtyard house
- Shop for Aleppo soap and Damascene crafts
- Kibbeh β fried bulgur shells stuffed with spiced meat
- Shawarma β grilled meat wrapped in thin bread
- Fattoush β crunchy salad with toasted bread and sumac
- Muhammara β red pepper and walnut dip
Best time to visit Syria
Syria has a Mediterranean climate on the coast and a dry continental climate inland. Summers are hot, while winters can be cold with snow in the mountains.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Damascus (approximate averages).
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Eid al-FitrFamilies celebrate the end of Ramadan with sweets and visits.
- Varies (Islamic calendar)Eid al-AdhaThe Feast of Sacrifice is marked with shared meals.
- December and springChristmas and EasterChristian communities celebrate with services and festivities, notably in Maaloula and Damascus.
- SeptemberFeast of the CrossBonfires are lit on the hills of Maaloula.
How many days in Syria?
Day 1-3 Damascus's old city, Umayyad Mosque and souks. Day 4 Bosra, Day 5 Maaloula β only if official travel advice allows.
Day 1-3 Damascus, Day 4 Maaloula, Day 5 Krak des Chevaliers, Day 6 Hama. Day 7-8 Aleppo, Day 9-10 Palmyra β only where official advice and local security allow.
Backpacker budget: about $25β40 a day
- Independent travel is very risky; use experienced local guides and check conditions daily.
- Local buses and shared taxis link major cities.
- Street food like falafel, shawarma and manakish is cheap and delicious.
- Carry cash, as international cards rarely work.
- Learn some Arabic phrases β locals are known for their warmth.
Stay safe
- Most governments advise against all travel to Syria β check your government's latest travel advice before considering a visit.
- Consular assistance may be very limited or unavailable.
- Unexploded ordnance remains a risk in some areas β stay on established roads and paths.
- Avoid photographing military sites and follow local instructions.
Money
- The currency is the Syrian pound.
- International cards and ATMs generally don't work; bring cash in US dollars or euros.
- Tipping is appreciated for guides and drivers.
Emergency: 112 police Β· 110 ambulance Β· 113 fire
Damascus International Airport is the main gateway, with limited regional flights. Land borders with Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and Iraq exist but openings change often.
βοΈ Cheap flights to Syria: airports, flight times & best time to fly β
- Damascus is often cited as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
- One of the earliest known alphabets was found at Ugarit.
- Damask fabric is named after Damascus.
- Western Aramaic, related to the language of Jesus, survives in Maaloula.
- The Umayyad Mosque is said to house a shrine of John the Baptist.
Syria travel questions
Is Syria safe for tourists?
Syria is considered high risk and most governments advise against all travel. Conditions can change quickly. Check your government's latest travel advice before considering a trip.
Do I need a visa for Syria?
It depends on your passport and the current situation. Check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
What is the best time to visit Syria?
Spring and autumn offer mild temperatures. Summers are very hot and winters can be cold.
What language is spoken in Syria?
Arabic is the official language. Kurdish, Armenian and Aramaic are also spoken in some communities.
What food is Syria famous for?
Syria is known for kibbeh, fattoush, hummus, shawarma and Aleppo's spiced dishes. Its sweets are also renowned.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses and shared minibuses link the main cities. Many visitors travel with a local guide and driver.
- Umayyad Mosque β One of the oldest and grandest mosques in the world, in old Damascus
- Maaloula β Cliffside village with ancient monasteries where Aramaic is still spoken
- Church of Saint Simeon Stylites β Ruins of a huge Byzantine church built around a hermit's pillar
- Dress modestly, especially in mosques and smaller towns
- Accept tea or coffee when offered as a polite gesture
- Remove shoes before entering mosques and homes
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