The story of Kenya
Kenya is one of the cradles of humankind. Fossils found around Lake Turkana and in the Rift Valley have revealed some of the earliest evidence of human ancestors and their stone tools. Over thousands of years, waves of migration brought Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu-speaking peoples, ancestors of today's Kikuyu, Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai, Luhya and many others, who developed farming, herding and rich oral traditions.
Along the coast, Swahili city-states such as Lamu, Mombasa, Malindi and Gedi flourished from around the ninth century, trading ivory, gold and spices with Arabia, Persia, India and China. The Swahili language and culture grew from this blend of African and Indian Ocean influences. Vasco da Gama stopped at Malindi in 1498, and the Portuguese built Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593. Later, the Omani sultans of Zanzibar dominated the coast.
Read the full history
In the late nineteenth century, Britain declared a protectorate and built the Uganda Railway from Mombasa inland, founding Nairobi as a depot along the way. Kenya became a colony, with fertile highlands set aside for European settlers. Discontent over land and rights led to the Mau Mau uprising in the 1950s. Kenya gained independence on 12 December 1963, with Jomo Kenyatta as its first leader, and became a republic a year later. A new constitution in 2010 created county governments and strengthened civil rights.
Today Kenya is a regional economic hub and one of Africa's most popular safari destinations. Visitors can witness the Great Migration in the Maasai Mara, gaze at elephants beneath Kilimanjaro in Amboseli, explore Lamu's UNESCO-listed old town and Mombasa's Fort Jesus, climb Mount Kenya, and enjoy the energy of Nairobi, while meeting communities whose traditions remain vibrant.
Timeline
- c. 1.5 million years agoEarly human ancestors live around Lake Turkana
- c. 9th centurySwahili trading towns grow along the coast
- 1498Vasco da Gama visits Malindi
- 1593Portuguese build Fort Jesus in Mombasa
- 1895British East Africa Protectorate declared
- 1899Nairobi founded as a railway depot
- 1963Kenya gains independence
- 2010A new constitution is adopted
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- EAC – East African Community member – look out for regional tourist visas.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Kenya (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Kenya appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Kenya
- Watch the Great MigrationSee vast herds of wildebeest and zebra cross the Mara River while predators lie in wait.
- Photograph elephants under KilimanjaroCapture big tuskers in Amboseli with Africa's highest mountain rising behind them.
- Meet orphaned elephants in NairobiWatch baby elephants being fed and bathed at a wildlife orphanage on the edge of the capital.
- Get lost in Lamu Old TownWander car-free alleys of carved doors and coral-stone houses, where donkeys still carry goods.
- Explore Fort JesusWalk the ramparts of Mombasa's UNESCO-listed Portuguese fort and the Old Town nearby.
- Trek Mount KenyaHike through bamboo forest and alpine moorland to Point Lenana on Africa's second-highest mountain.
- See flamingos at Lake NakuruLook for rhinos, lions and flocks of pink flamingos along the shores of a Rift Valley lake.
- Cycle through Hell's GateRide a bike among zebras and giraffes, then hike through dramatic red-rock gorges.
- Relax on Diani BeachEnjoy powder-white sand, coral reefs and colobus monkeys in the coastal forest.
- Eat nyama chomaShare grilled meat with ugali and kachumbari salad in a lively local joint.
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Where to go in Kenya
- 📍Maasai Mara National ReserveSouthwest · safariKenya's most famous reserve, with big cats and the Great Migration from roughly July to October.
- Amboseli National ParkSouth · elephantsHuge elephant herds and swamps set against views of Kilimanjaro.
- NairobiCapital · city & wildlifeA dynamic capital with a national park on its doorstep, museums and a growing food scene.
- 📍LamuNorth coast · Swahili heritageA UNESCO-listed island town with dhows, donkeys and centuries-old Swahili architecture.
- Diani BeachSouth coast · beachA long white-sand beach with snorkelling, kitesurfing and coastal forest.
- Mount KenyaCentral highlands · trekkingA UNESCO-listed mountain with glaciers, lakes and multi-day hiking routes.
- 📍Samburu National ReserveNorth · arid safariHome to unique northern species such as the reticulated giraffe and Grevy's zebra.
- 📍Lake NaivashaRift Valley · lakesA freshwater lake with hippos, boat trips and nearby Hell's Gate National Park.
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- Watch the Great Migration in the Maasai Mara
- Feed giraffes at the Giraffe Centre in Nairobi
- Sail on a dhow around Lamu
- Climb or hike on Mount Kenya
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#Kenya#Visas & Entry RulesExercise increased caution in Kenya due to risk of crime , kidnapping , terrorism , unrest , health , and traffic safety . Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory. Crime Violent crime can occur at any…
#Kenya#Travel advisory#Visas & Entry Rules- Nyama choma – grilled meat, often goat
- Ugali – firm maize porridge
- Sukuma wiki – sautéed collard greens
- Pilau – spiced rice from the coast
The East African nation is home to a number of conservation parks where its impressive animals roam free
Best time to visit Kenya
Kenya has a pleasant climate thanks to altitude in the highlands, with warm days and cool nights in Nairobi. The coast is hot and humid year-round, while the north is hot and dry.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Nairobi (approximate averages).
- NovemberLamu Cultural FestivalDhow races, donkey races and Swahili poetry celebrate the island's heritage.
- NovemberMombasa CarnivalParades of music, dance and floats showcase the diverse cultures of the coast.
- 12 DecemberJamhuri DayKenya celebrates independence and becoming a republic with national celebrations.
- Usually MarchSafari Rally KenyaA round of the World Rally Championship roars through the Rift Valley around Naivasha.
How many days in Kenya?
Day 1: explore Nairobi, including the elephant orphanage and giraffe centre. Day 2-4: fly or drive to the Maasai Mara for three days of game drives. Day 5: return via Lake Naivasha for a boat trip.
Day 1: Nairobi. Day 2-4: Maasai Mara. Day 5-6: Lake Naivasha and Hell's Gate. Day 7: Amboseli or fly to the coast. Day 8-10: relax on Diani Beach or explore Lamu's old town.
Backpacker budget: about $35–55 a day
- Matatus (shared minibuses) are the cheapest way to get around, but choose daytime journeys and reputable companies for long trips.
- The Madaraka Express train between Nairobi and Mombasa is an affordable, comfortable way to reach the coast.
- Join group camping safaris from Nairobi to visit the Mara or Amboseli far more cheaply than lodge trips.
- Hell's Gate is one of the few parks where you can cycle or walk, making it a budget-friendly wildlife experience.
- Use M-Pesa mobile money, which is accepted almost everywhere, even by small vendors.
Stay safe
- Take care in Nairobi after dark, avoid walking alone at night and use ride-hailing apps or registered taxis.
- Check your government's latest travel advice, as some regions near the Somali border and parts of the north are advised against.
- Keep valuables out of sight in crowded places and on matatus.
- Take malaria precautions, especially on the coast and around Lake Victoria.
Money
- The currency is the Kenyan shilling (KES); ATMs are common in cities and larger towns.
- Cards are accepted in hotels, lodges and malls, and M-Pesa mobile money is very widely used.
- Tipping is customary on safari for guides and camp staff, and around 10% in restaurants.
Emergency: 999 or 112 all services
Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi is a major hub for East Africa, and Moi International Airport in Mombasa also has international flights. Land borders connect Kenya with Tanzania and Uganda, and many travellers combine both countries.
✈️ Cheap flights to Kenya: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Kenya is home to the Rift Valley, a giant geological fault running through East Africa.
- M-Pesa, the mobile-money service launched in Kenya, became a model for the world.
- Kenyan runners, many from the Rift Valley highlands, dominate world distance running.
- Nairobi National Park is one of the few national parks in the world bordering a capital city.
- Mount Kenya, which gave the country its name, still has small glaciers despite sitting almost on the equator.
Kenya travel questions
Is Kenya safe for tourists?
Most safari areas and the main coastal resorts are visited without problems. Take care in cities at night and check your government's travel advice for border regions.
When is the best time to visit Kenya?
July to October is ideal for safaris and the Great Migration. January and February are also dry and pleasant.
How many days do you need in Kenya?
Five days is enough for Nairobi and a Maasai Mara safari. Ten days lets you add the Rift Valley lakes and a beach on the coast.
Do I need a visa or travel authorisation for Kenya?
It depends on your passport – check the official government site or a Kenyan embassy before you travel.
What languages are spoken in Kenya?
English and Swahili are the official languages, and many local languages are spoken too. Learning a few Swahili phrases like 'jambo' and 'asante' is appreciated.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Domestic flights link Nairobi with safari parks and the coast, and the Madaraka Express train runs Nairobi–Mombasa. Safaris are usually done in 4x4s or minivans with guides.
- Kaya Kinondo – Sacred Mijikenda forest near Diani, a World Heritage site
- Mount Kenya – Holy mountain for the Kikuyu people and Africa's second-highest peak
- Greet with 'Jambo' and a handshake
- Ask before photographing people, especially Maasai
- Dress modestly in Lamu and coastal towns
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Maasai Mara